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The evaluation and design of a short depression screening tool in Turkish older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2018

Ozge Dokuzlar ,
Pinar Soysal ,
Cansu Usarel  and
Ahmet Turan Isik
Ozge Dokuzlar
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Pinar Soysal
Affiliation:
Geriatric Center, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
Cansu Usarel
Affiliation:
Unit for Aging Brain and Dementia, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Ahmet Turan Isik*
Affiliation:
Unit for Aging Brain and Dementia, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Ahmet Turan ISIK, M.D., Unit for Aging Brain and Dementia, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey. Phone: +90-232-412-43-41; Fax: +90-232-412-43-39. Email: atisik@yahoo.com.
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Abstract

Introduction:

Depression is a common and serious healthcare problem for older adults. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of GDS-4 and GDS-5 in Turkish, and to establish a new short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) for our population, and also determine the superiority of each short scale to another.

Methods:

A total of 437 outpatients were enrolled in the study. A researcher evaluated all participants according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria, and then another researcher applied GDS-15 to all participants. We obtained the answers of short GDS forms, examined in this study, from GDS-15 forms. After Cohen's κ analysis, we compared the diagnostic value of each question for geriatric depression according to their κ values, and developed three (TGDS-3), four (TGDS-4), five (TGDS-5), and six (TGDS-6) question scales to screen geriatric depression in Turkish population.

Results:

A total of 437 participants were assessed. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 72.95 years (7.37).Cronbach's α values of GDS-4 and GDS-5 were <0.70. Cronbach's α values of TGDS-3, TGDS-4, TGDS-5, and TGDS-6 were >0.70. The best cut-off values were ≥5 for GDS-15 and GDS-5, and ≥1 for others.

Discussion:

GDS-15 is the most powerful screening scale for geriatric depression. GDS-4 and GDS-5 are not eligible for depression screening in Turkish older adults. All new short scales are valid and reliable, and TGDS-4 is a practical, less time-consuming option for daily practice.

Keywords

depressionDSM-5elderlyGDS-4GDS-5geriatricsshort depression scaleTurkey
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 30 , Issue 10: Issue Theme: Mild Cognitive Impairment , October 2018 , pp. 1541 - 1548
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2018 

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