Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:07:16.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors of nocturnal sleep and daytime nap durations in community-dwelling elderly: a longitudinal population-based study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2017

Grand H.-L. Cheng Open the ORCID record for Grand H.-L. Cheng [Opens in a new window] ,
Angelique Chan  and
June C. Lo
Grand H.-L. Cheng*
Affiliation:
Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Angelique Chan
Affiliation:
Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
June C. Lo
Affiliation:
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Grand H.-L. Cheng, Ph.D., Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore. Phone: +65 6601 5301; Fax: +65 6534 8632. Email: grand.cheng@duke-nus.edu.sg.
Get access

Abstract

Background:

Durations of nocturnal sleep and daytime nap influence the well-being of older adults. It is thus essential to understand their determinants. However, much previous research did not assess sleep duration and nap duration individually, and longitudinal data is lacking. This study aimed at examining the impact of demographic, psychosocial, and health factors, including ethnicity, social networks outside the household, smoking and physical exercise on sleep duration and nap duration among community-dwelling elderly.

Methods:

Our study involved over 2,600 older adults (≥60 years) from a longitudinal, nationally representative survey – the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly. Sleep and nap durations at Time 2 (two years later) were regressed on predictors measured at Time 1.

Results:

Time 2 short nocturnal sleep duration was predicted by Malay ethnicity (relative to Chinese and Indian), older age, lower education level, more depressive symptoms, and obesity, whereas future long nocturnal sleep duration was predicted by weaker social networks, older age, and more chronic diseases. Furthermore, smoking, obesity, Malay or Indian (relative to Chinese), older age, male gender, and cognitive impairment predicted longer daytime nap duration in the future.

Conclusions:

Older adults’ nocturnal sleep and daytime nap durations may be affected by different demographic, psychosocial, and health factors. Thus, it is important to differentiate these two attributes in this age group.

Keywords

ethnicitysocial networkdepressioncognitive impairmenthealthsleep durationnap duration
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 29 , Issue 8 , August 2017 , pp. 1335 - 1344
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkinson, G. and Davenne, D. (2007). Relationships between sleep, physical activity and human health. Physiology & Behavior, 90, 229–235. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bahammam, A. S., Sharif, M. M., Spence, D. W. and Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2012). Sleep architecture of consolidated and split sleep due to the dawn (Fajr) prayer among Muslims and its impact on daytime sleepiness. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 7, 36–41. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.91560 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett-Connor, E., Dam, T. T., Stone, K., Harrison, S. L., Redline, S. and Orwoll, E. (2008). The association of testosterone levels with overall sleep quality, sleep architecture, and sleep-disordered breathing. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 93, 2602–2609. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2622 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bliwise, D. L. (2005). Normal aging. In Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. and Dement, W. C. (eds.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (pp. 24–38). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.Google Scholar
Carstensen, L. L. (2006). The influence of a sense of time on human development. Science, 312, 1913–1915. doi: 10.1126/science.1127488 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, A., Malhotra, C., Malhotra, R. and Ostbye, T. (2011). Living arrangements, social networks and depressive symptoms among older men and women in Singapore. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 630–639. doi:10.1002/gps.2574 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., Marti, C. N. and Choi, B. Y. (in press). Too little sleep and too much sleep among older adults: associations with self-reported sleep medication use, sleep quality and healthcare utilization. Geriatrics & Gerontology International.Google Scholar
Conroy, R. M., Golden, J., Jeffares, I., O'Neill, D. and McGee, H. (2010). Boredom-proneness, loneliness, social engagement and depression and their association with cognitive function in older people: a population study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 15, 463–473. doi:10.1080/13548506.2010.487103 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degens, H., Gayan-Ramirez, G. and van Hees, H. W. H. (2015). Smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. From evidence to mechanisms. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 191, 620–625. doi:10.1164/rccm.201410-1830PP CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dowd, J. B., Goldman, N. and Weinstein, M. (2011). Sleep duration, sleep quality, and biomarkers of inflammation in a Taiwanese population. Annals of Epidemiology, 21, 799–806. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.07.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erkinjuntti, T., Sulkava, R., Wikstrom, J. and Autio, L. (1987). Short portable mental status questionnaire as a screening test for dementia and delirium among the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 412–416. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb04662.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foley, D. J., Vitiello, M. V., Bliwise, D. L., Ancoli-Israel, S., Monjan, A. A. and Walsh, J. K. (2007). Frequent napping is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain, and nocturia in older adults: findings from the national sleep foundation ‘2003 sleep in America’ poll. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 344–350. doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000249385.50101.67 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frisoni, G. B., De Leo, D., Rozzini, R. and Trabucchi, M. (1996). Napping in the elderly and its association with night sleep and psychological status. International Psychogeriatrics, 8, 477–487. doi:10.1017/s1041610296002839 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gamaldo, A. A. et al. (2014). Sleep complaints in older blacks: do demographic and health indices explain poor sleep quality and duration? Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10, 725–731. doi:10.5664/jcsm.3858 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grandner, M. A. et al. (2015). Social and behavioral determinants of perceived insufficient sleep. Frontiers in Neurology, 6, 112. doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00112 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grandner, M. A. and Drummond, S. P. A. (2007). Who are the long sleepers? towards an understanding of the mortality relationship. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 341–360. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandner, M. A., Hale, L., Moore, M. and Patel, N. P. (2010). Mortality associated with short sleep duration: the evidence, the possible mechanisms, and the future. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14, 191–203. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.07.006 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gu, D., Sautter, J., Pipkin, R. and Zeng, Y. (2010). Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep quality and duration among very old Chinese. Sleep, 33, 601–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, M. H. et al. (2015). Association between sleep duration and mortality is mediated by markers of inflammation and health in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. Sleep, 38, 189–195. doi:10.5665/sleep.4394 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirshkowitz, M. et al. (2015). National sleep foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1, 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansson-Frojmark, M. and Lindblom, K. (2008). A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? a prospective study in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 443–449. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.10.016 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, W. H. et al. (2014). Sleep duration and associated factors in a community sample of elderly individuals in Korea. Psychogeriatrics, 15, 87–94. doi:10.1111/psyg.12072 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knutson, K. L. (2013). Sociodemographic and cultural determinants of sleep deficiency: implications for cardiometabolic disease risk. Social Science & Medicine, 79, 7–15. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.002 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A. and Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179–193. doi:10.1177/089826439300500202 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lan, T.-Y., Lan, T.-H., Wen, C.-P., Lin, Y.-H. and Chuang, Y.-L. (2007). Nighttime sleep, Chinese afternoon nap, and mortality in the elderly. Sleep, 30, 1105–1110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, J. C., Groeger, J. A., Cheng, G. H.-L., Dijk, D. J. and Chee, M. W. (2016). Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine, 17, 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.021 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malhotra, R., Chan, A., Malhotra, C. and Ostbye, T. (2010). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the elderly population of Singapore. Hypertension Research, 33, 1223–1231. doi:10.1038/hr.2010.177 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHugh, J. E., Casey, A. M. and Lawlor, B. A. (2011). Psychosocial correlates of aspects of sleep quality in community-dwelling Irish older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 15, 749–755. doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.562180 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meerlo, P., Sgoifo, A. and Suchecki, D. (2008). Restricted and disrupted sleep: effects on autonomic function, neuroendocrine stress systems and stress responsivity. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12, 197–210. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.007 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E. and Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohayon, M. M. (2004). Interactions between sleep normative data and sociocultural characteristics in the elderly. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56, 479–486. doi:10.1016/j.psychores.2004.04.365 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohayon, M. M. and Vecchierini, M. F. (2005). Normative sleep data, cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults in the community. Sleep, 28, 981–989.Google ScholarPubMed
Patel, S. R. et al. (2014). The association between sleep patterns and obesity in older adults. International Journal of Obesity, 38, 1159–1164. doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.13 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfeiffer, E. (1975). A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 23, 433–441. doi:10.1037/t04145-000 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romero-Corral, A., Caples, S. M., Lopez-Jimenez, F. and Somers, V. K. (2010). Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment. Chest, 137, 711–719. doi:10.1378/chest.09-0360 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smagula, S. F., Koh, W. P., Wang, R. and Yuan, J. M. (2016). Chronic disease and lifestyle factors associated with change in sleep duration among older adults in the Singapore Chinese health study. Journal of Sleep Research, 25, 57–61. doi:10.1111/jsr.12342 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tu, X. et al. (2012). Sleep duration and its correlates in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women: the Shanghai women's health study. Sleep Medicine, 13, 1138–1145. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.06.014 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whinnery, J., Jackson, N., Rattanaumpawan, P. and Grandner, M. A. (2014). Short and long sleep duration associated with race/ethnicity, sociodemographics, and socioeconomic position. Sleep, 37, 601–611. doi:10.5665/sleep.3508 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitson, H. E., Malhotra, R., Chan, A., Matchar, D. B. and Ostbye, T. (2014). Comorbid visual and cognitive impairment: relationship with disability status and self-rated health among older Singaporeans. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 26, 310–319. doi:10.1177/1010539512443698 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, N. J. et al. (2016). Social and behavioral predictors of insufficient sleep among African Americans and Caucasians. Sleep Medicine, 18, 103–107. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.533 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, L. et al. (2011). Short or long sleep duration is associated with memory impairment in older Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank cohort study. Sleep, 34, 575–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoon, H. S. et al. (2015). Correlates of self-reported sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans: from the health examinees study. PLOS One, 10, e0123510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123510 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, L., Samet, J., Caffo, B. and Punjabi, N. M. (2006). Cigarette smoking and nocturnal sleep architecture. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164, 529–537. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj231 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhong, G., Wang, Y., Tao, T., Ying, J. and Zhao, Y. (2015). Daytime napping and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Medicine, 16, 811–819. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.025 CrossRefGoogle Scholar