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Physical restraint use in institutional care of old people in Sweden in 2000 and 2007

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2012

Tony Pellfolk ,
Per-Olof Sandman ,
Yngve Gustafson ,
Stig Karlsson  and
Hugo Lövheim
Tony Pellfolk
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Per-Olof Sandman
Affiliation:
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Yngve Gustafson
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Stig Karlsson
Affiliation:
Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Hugo Lövheim*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Hugo Lövheim, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, S 901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: +46 90 785 8859; Fax: +46 90 13 06 23. Email: hugo.lovheim@germed.umu.se.
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Abstract

Background: Physical restraint use is common in institutional care for old people and mainly used to prevent falls, despite the fall-preventive effect of physical restraints being questioned in previous research. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of physical restraints in Sweden in 2000 and 2007.

Methods: Data were collected from two comparable census surveys conducted in all institutional care units for old people in 2000 (n = 3,669) and 2007 (n = 2,914). Information on residents’ characteristics and physical restraint use was collected using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS).

Results: In 2000 16.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.8%–17.2%) of the residents were restrained compared to 18.2% (95% CI 16.8%–19.6%) in 2007 (p = 0.017). Adjusting for residents' characteristics showed that residents in 2007 were more likely to be physically restrained, relative to the residents in 2000 (odds ratio (OR) 1.031, 95% CI 1.005–1.058, p = 0.017). In 2007 the residents had been restrained longer, and a higher proportion were restrained for unknown reasons.

Conclusions: Physical restraint use is still common. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest a small increase (OR 1.031) in the prevalence of physical restraint use from 2000 to 2007 adjusted for residents’ characteristics.

Keywords

restraintphysical restraintdementianursing homegeriatric careBPSD
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 24 , Issue 7 , July 2012 , pp. 1144 - 1152
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2012

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