Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T07:39:30.927Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-reported depressive syndromes in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2012

Janessa O. Carvalho ,
Jing Ee Tan ,
Beth A. Springate  and
Jennifer D. Davis
Janessa O. Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Jing Ee Tan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Beth A. Springate
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Jennifer D. Davis*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Jennifer Davis, PhD, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. Phone: + 401- 444- 4500; Fax: + 401- 444-6643. Email: jennifer_davis@brown.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: There is suggestion that self-reported depressive syndromes can independently manifest in the general population as cognitive/affective or somatic/vegetative. The Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition (BDI-II), a self-report measure of depressive symptoms, has been shown to support this two-factor structure. However, this finding has not been examined in an older adult sample with cognitive impairment. In order to determine whether older adults with cognitive impairments exhibit similarly independent cognitive/affective and somatic/vegetative depressive syndromes, we explored the factor structure of the BDI-II in this population.

Methods: Participants were 228 older adults (mean age = 74, SD = 7.9) diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 137) or early Alzheimer's disease (n = 85), who completed the BDI-II as part of an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Exploratory principal component factor analysis with direct Oblimin rotation was conducted, and a two-factor solution was specified based on our theoretical conceptualization of the cognitive/affective and somatic/vegetative items from the scale.

Results: The first factor represented cognitive/affective symptoms of depression (e.g. self-dislike, pessimism, worthlessness), and accounted for 36% of the variance. Adding the second factor, reflecting somatic/vegetative items (e.g. sleep and appetite changes, loss of energy), accounted for an additional 6.8% of the variance.

Conclusion: Results supported the presence of two distinct depressive syndromes, cognitive/affective and somatic/vegetative symptoms. Thus, cognitively impaired older adults report mood symptoms relatively similarly to younger and midlife adults. This supports the validity of self-reported mood in this group, and the results may have implications for psychiatric treatment in this population.

Keywords

depressionmild cognitive impairmentAlzheimer's diseaseBDI-II
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , March 2013 , pp. 439 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, M. S.et al. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7, 270–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnau, R. C., Meagher, M. W., Norris, M. P. and Bramson, R. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with primary care medical patients. Health Psychology, 20, 112–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. and Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory–II: Manual, 2nd edn.San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dum, M., Pickren, J., Sobell, L. C. and Sobell, M. B. (2008). Comparing the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 with outpatient substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 381–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinstein, J. S., Duff, M. C. and Tranel, D. (2010). Sustained experience of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 7674–7679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geda, Y. E.et al. (2008). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 1193–1198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J. and DeKosky, S. (2002). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA, 12, 1475–1483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Modrego, P. J. and Ferrandez, J. (2004). Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment increases the risk of developing dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology, 61, 1290–1293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olin, J. T., Katz, I. R., Meyers, B. S., Schneider, L. S. and Lebowitz, B. D. (2002). Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease: rationale and background. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10, 129–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panza, F.et al. (2010). Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: possible continuum? American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 98–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ready, R. E., Carvalho, J. O., Green, R. C., Gavett, B. E. and Stern, R. A. (2011). The structure and validity of self-reported affect in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 23, 887–898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schotte, C. K. W., Maes, M., Cluydts, R., De Doncker, D. and Cosyns, P. (1997). Construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory in a depressive population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 46, 115–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, D. L., Coolidge, F. L., Cahill, B. S. and O'Riley, A. A. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among community-dwelling older adults. Behavior Modification, 32, 3–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegert, R. J., Walkey, F. H. and Turner-Stokes, L. (2009). An examination of the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a neurorehabilitation inpatient sample. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 142–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steer, R. A., Rissmiller, D. J. and Beck, A. T. (2000). Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with depressed geriatric inpatients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 38, 311–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storch, E. A., Roberti, J. W. and Roth, D. A. (2004). Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition in a sample of college students. Depression and Anxiety, 19, 187–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanheule, S., Desmet, M., Groenvynck, H., Rosseel, Y. and Fontaine, J. (2008). The factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: an evaluation. Assessment, 15, 177–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagle, A. C., Ho, L. W., Wagle, S. A. and Berrios, G. E. (2000). Psychometric behavior of BDI in Alzheimer's disease patients with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 63–69.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whisman, M. A., Perez, J. E. and Ramel, W. (2000). Factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II) in a student sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 545–551.3.0.CO;2-U>CrossRefGoogle Scholar