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Use of proton-pump inhibitors is associated with depression: a population-based study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2017

Alice Laudisio ,
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi ,
Antonella Gemma ,
Silvia Giovannini ,
Maria Rita Lo Monaco ,
Davide L. Vetrano ,
Luca Padua ,
Roberto Bernabei  and
Giuseppe Zuccalà
Alice Laudisio*
Affiliation:
Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
Affiliation:
Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
Antonella Gemma
Affiliation:
Department of Homecare Service, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma E, Rome, Italy
Silvia Giovannini
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
Maria Rita Lo Monaco
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
Davide L. Vetrano
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
Luca Padua
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
Roberto Bernabei
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Zuccalà
Affiliation:
Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Alice Laudisio, Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy. Phone: +39 06225411340. Email: lavoralice@gmail.com.
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Abstract

Treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) might be associated with neuropsychological side effects. We examined the association between use of PPIs and depressive symptoms in an elderly population. Mood was assessed by the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in all 344 inhabitants of Tuscania (Italy) aged 75 years and over, without exclusion criteria; depression was defined by a GDS score ≥11. Use of PPIs was associated with a higher GDS score in linear regression analysis (B = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.49–4.38; p = 0.014) after adjusting; also, use of PPIs was associated with increased adjusted probability of depression in logistic regression (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.02–5.58; p = 0.045). Higher PPIs dosages were associated with increased probability of depression (p for trend = 0.014). This association was independent of the diagnosis of peptic disease, as well as the use of antidepressant medications. No association was found between use of H2-blockers or antacids and the GDS score. Calculation of the population attributable risk indicated that 14% of depression cases could be avoided by withdrawal of PPIs. Use of PPIs might represent a frequent cause of depression in older populations; thus, mood should be routinely assessed in elderly patients on PPIs.

Keywords

depressive symptomsproton-pump inhibitorselderlyepidemiology
Type
Brief Report
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 153 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2017 

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