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Author of Non-Binding Norms in International Humanitarian Law (2021)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 October 2022
Emily Crawford is an Associate Professor at the University of Sydney Law School, where she teaches and researches in international law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law. She has published widely in the field of international humanitarian law, including three monographs (The Treatment of Combatants and Insurgents under the Law of Armed Conflict (Oxford University Press, 2010), Identifying the Enemy: Civilian Participation in Hostilities (Oxford University Press, 2015) and Non-Binding Norms in International Humanitarian Law (Oxford University Press, 2021)), and a textbook (International Humanitarian Law (with Alison Pert, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2020)). She is an associate of the Sydney Centre for International Law, and a co-editor of the Journal of International Humanitarian Studies.
This interview was conducted by Bruno Demeyere, Editor-in-Chief of the International Review of the Red Cross.
1 Schmitt, Michael N. (ed.), Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2013 (Tallin 1.0)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schmitt, Michael N. (ed.), Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2017 (Tallin 2.0)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
2 Melzer, Nils, Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, ICRC, Geneva, 2009Google Scholar.
3 Crawford, James, The International Law Commission's Articles on State Responsibility: Introduction, Text and Commentaries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002Google Scholar.
4 Statute of the International Court of Justice, Art. 38, available at: www.icj-cij.org/en/statute (all internet references were accessed in September 2022).
5 United Nations General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Paris, 10 December 1948, available at: www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
6 Geneva Call, Deed of Commitment Under Geneva Call for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-Personnel Mines and for Cooperation in Mine Action, available at: www.genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DoC-Banning-anti-personnel-mines.pdf.
7 Henry Dunant, A Memory of Solferino, ICRC, Geneva, 1939, 1959, available at: www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-0361.pdf.
8 Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864 (entered into force 22 August 1864).
9 Project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War. Brussels, 27 August 1874 (entered into force 27 August 1874).
10 The Laws of War on Land. Oxford, 9 September 1880 (entered into force 9 September 1880).
11 The Hague Rules of Air Warfare. The Hague, December 1922–February 1923, available at: http://lawofwar.org/hague_rules_of_air_warfare.htm.
12 San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, 12 June 1994 (entered into force 12 June 1994) (San Remo Manual).
13 The Montreux Document: On Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for States Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict, Montreux, 17 September 2008, ICRC, Geneva, 2009.
14 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, New York, 7 July 2017 (entered into force 22 January 2021).
15 Crawford, Emily, Non-Binding Norms in International Humanitarian Law: Efficacy, Legitimacy, and Legality, Oxford Academic, Oxford, 2021CrossRefGoogle Scholar; online edition 20 January 2022, pp. 150, 158 and 173.
16 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, 18 September 1997 (entered into force 1 March 1999) (“Ottawa Treaty”).
17 Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck (eds), Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. 1: Rules, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, available at: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1.
18 HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2013.
19 Political Declaration on Strengthening the Protection of Civilians from the Humanitarian Consequences arising from the use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas, Geneva, 17 June 2022, available at: www.dfa.ie/media/dfa/ourrolepolicies/peaceandsecurity/ewipa/EWIPA-Political-Declaration-Final-Rev-25052022.pdf.
20 Safe Schools Declaration, Oslo, Norway, May 2015.
21 E. Crawford, above note 15.
22 See University of Adelaide, The Woomera Manual on the International Law of Military Space Activities and Operations, available at: https://law.adelaide.edu.au/woomera/.