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Photosynthetic Performance of Invasive Vincetoxicum Species (Apocynaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kristine M. Averill ,
Antonio DiTommaso ,
Thomas H. Whitlow  and
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Kristine M. Averill*
Affiliation:
Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Antonio DiTommaso
Affiliation:
Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Thomas H. Whitlow
Affiliation:
Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: kma25@cornell.edu
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Abstract

Knowledge of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for fully understanding a species’ invasive potential and for the development of appropriate control strategies. Although growth and reproductive data are available for the invasive swallowwort vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum, photosynthetic data are wanting. These herbaceous, perennial congeners were introduced from separate European ranges during the late 19th century and became invasive during the following century in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Vincetoxicum nigrum has been observed growing mainly in high light environments, whereas V. rossicum occurs across a wide range of light environments, suggesting niche divergence and that different management strategies might be needed for the two species. In this work, we investigated whether the differing habitat associations of these species is reflected in their photosynthetic capacities and leaf morphology. Photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf mass were determined across a range of light environments represented by four field habitats (common garden, forest edge, old field, and forest understory) and two greenhouse environments (high and low light). In the high-light common garden habitat, V. nigrum achieved 37% higher maximum photosynthetic rates than V. rossicum, but photosynthetic performance of the two species was the same in the forest edge habitat. Additionally, species’ performance was virtually identical in high light, low light, and transitions between high and low light regimes in the greenhouse. Specific leaf mass of V. nigrum was 17% higher in the common garden and 19% higher in the greenhouse compared with V. rossicum. Both invasive Vincetoxicum spp. appear capable of growing within a broad range of light environments and their management should be similar regardless of light environment. Other explanations are required to explain the scarcity of V. nigrum in low light natural areas.

Keywords

Black swallowwort, Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench. [Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi]pale swallowwort, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. [Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi]Apocynaceaedog-strangling vineexotic plantsforest understorylight environmentold field
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 9 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 171 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 Weed Science Society of America 

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