Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:57:38.277Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phytotoxicity and Potential Allelopathy in Pale (Cynanchum rossicum) and Black swallowwort (C. nigrum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cameron H. Douglass ,
Leslie A. Weston  and
David Wolfe
Cameron H. Douglass*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
David Wolfe
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Cameron.Douglass@colostate.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The introduced exotic vines pale and black swallowwort rapidly have become invasive throughout regions of the northeastern United States and adjoining areas of Canada. Preliminary studies have reported that the species are allelopathic, possibly contributing to their competitive ability and invasiveness. Results from our laboratory assays indicated that swallowwort root exudates caused significant root length reductions (e.g., 40% for butterfly milkweed and 20% for large crabgrass) and reduced germination (e.g., 25% for lettuce) of indicator species. Additional bioassays with dried swallowwort tissues demonstrated that tissue leachates caused varied responses in indicators, with both significant stimulatory and inhibitory effects. In particular, significant congeneric interactions were noted between the two swallowwort species. Evidence from this study of swallowwort tissue phytotoxicity has important implications for developing effective management and habitat restoration strategies for the two invasive species.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L.barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-gallis L. P. Beauv.black swallowwort, Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers., non Cav.butterfly milkweed, Asclepias tuberosa L.common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.pale swallowwort, Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidilettuce, Lactuca sativa L.tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.Allelopathyblack swallowwortinterferenceinvasive speciespale swallowwortphytotoxicity
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 133 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

An, M. 2005. Mathematical modeling of dose-response relationship (hormesis) in allelopathy and its application. Nonlinearity Biol. Toxicol. Med 3:153–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, M., Johnson, I. R., and Lovett, J. V. 1993. Mathematical modeling of allelopathy: biological response to allelochemicals and its interpretation. J. Chem. Ecol 19:2379–2388.Google Scholar
Bertin, C., Paul, R. N., Duke, S. O., and Weston, L. A. 2003. Laboratory assessment of the allelopathic effects of fine leaf fescues. J. Chem. Ecol 29:1919–1937.Google Scholar
Bertin, C., Weston, L. A., Meinwald, J., and Schroeder, F. 2007. Grass roots chemistry: a novel herbicidal compound isolated from fine fescue root exudates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:16964–16969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard, M. L., Barney, J. N., Averill, K. M., Mohler, C. L., and DiTommaso, A. D. 2010. Does polyembyrony confer a competitive advantage to the invasive perennial vine Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae)? Am. J. Bot 97:251–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capo, M. and Saa, J. M. 1989. (-)-antofine: a phenanthroindolizidine from Vincetoxicum nigrum . J. Nat. Prod 52:389–390.Google Scholar
Cappuccino, N. 2004. Allee effect in an invasive alien plant, pale swallowwort Vincetoxicum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae). Oikos 106:3–8.Google Scholar
Clinch, J. J. and Keselman, H. J. 1982. Parametric alternatives to the analysis of variance. J. Educ. Stat 7:207–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTommaso, A., Brainard, D. C., and Webster, B. R. 2005a. Seed characteristics of the invasive alien vine Vincetoxicum rossicum are affected by site, harvest date, and storage duration. Can. J. Bot 83:102–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTommaso, A., Lawlor, F. M., and Darbyshire, S. J. 2005b. The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi [ = Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.] and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz and Gandhi [ = Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench]. Can. J. Plant Sci 85:243–263.Google Scholar
Douglass, C. H., Weston, L. A., and DiTommaso, A. 2009. Black and pale swallowwort (Vincetoxicum nigrum sand V. Rossicum): the biology and ecology of two perennial, exotic and invasive vines. Pages 261–276. In Inderjit, , ed. Management of Invasive Weeds. New York Springer Science + Business Media B.V. Google Scholar
Ernst, C. M. and Cappuccino, N. 2005. The effect of an invasive alien vine, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae), on arthropod populations in Ontario old fields. Biol. Invasions 7:417–425.Google Scholar
Fitter, A. H. and Hay, R. K. M. 1987. Environmental Physiology of Plants. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA Academic Press. 423 p.Google Scholar
Greipsson, S. and DiTommaso, A. 2006. Invasive non-native plants alter the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and benefit from this association. Ecol. Restor 24:236–241.Google Scholar
Herms, D. A. and Mattson, W. J. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Q. Rev. Biol 67 (3):283–335.Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, E. E., DiTommaso, A., Brainard, D. C., and Mohler, C. L. 2008. Survival and performance of the invasive vine Vinctoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae) from seeds of different embryo number under two light environments. Am. J. Bot 95:447–453.Google Scholar
Kruse, M., Strandberg, M., and Strandberg, B. 2000. Ecological effects of allelopathic plants: a review. National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) Technical Report No. 315. Silkeborg, Denmark NERI. 66 p.Google Scholar
Lawlor, F. M. 2000. Herbicidal treatment of the invasive plant Cynanchum rossicum and experimental post control restoration of infested sites. MSc thesis. Syracuse, NY State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry. 77 p.Google Scholar
Lawlor, F. M. 2003. The swallowworts. N. Y. Forest Owner 41:14–15.Google Scholar
Lumer, C. and Yost, S. E. 1995. The reproductive biology of Vinctoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (Asclepiadaceae), a Mediterranean weed in New York State. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:15–23.Google Scholar
McKague, C. I. and Cappuccino, N. 2005. Response of pale swallowwort, Vincetoxicum rossicum, following aboveground tissue loss: implications for the timing of mechanical control. Can. Field Nat 119:525–531.Google Scholar
Mogg, C., Petit, P., Cappuccino, N., Durst, T., McKague, C., Foster, M., Yack, J. E., Arnason, J. T., and Smith, M. L. 2008. Tests of the antibiotic properties of the invasive vine Vincetoxicum rossicum against bacteria, fungi and insects. Biochem. Syst. Ecol 36:383–391.Google Scholar
Newman, E. I. and Rovira, A. D. 1975. Allelopathy among some British grassland species. J. Ecol 63:727–738.Google Scholar
Nilsson, M. C. 1994. Separation of allelopathy and resource competition by the boreal dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup. Oecologia 98:1–7.Google Scholar
Nowak, R. and Kisiel, W. 2000. Hancokinol from Vincetoxicum officinale . Fitoterapia 71:584–586.Google Scholar
Orr, S. P., Rudgers, J. A., and Clay, K. 2005. Invasive plants can inhibit native tree seedlings: testing potential allelopathic mechanisms. Plant Ecol 181:153–165.Google Scholar
Parker, C. 1966. The importance of shoot entry in the action of herbicides applied to the soil. Weeds 14:117–121.Google Scholar
Radosevich, S., Holt, J., and Ghersa, C. 1997. Weed Ecology: Implications for Management. 2nd ed. New York John Wiley and Sons. 589 p.Google Scholar
Rice, E. L. 1986. Allelopathic growth stimulation. Pages 23–42. In Putnam, A. R. and Tang, C. S. eds. The Science of Allelopathy. New York John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. and Friebe, A. 1999. Detoxification of allelochemicals in higher plants and enzymes involved. Pages 383–400. In Inderjit, , Dakshini, K. M. M., and Foy, C. L. eds. Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press LLC.Google Scholar
Smith, L. L. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the competitiveness of the invasive vine PSW (Vincetoxicum rossicum). MSc thesis. Ithaca, NY Cornell University. 85 p.Google Scholar
Smith, L. L., DiTommaso, A., Lehmann, J., and Greipsson, S. 2008. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the exotic invasive vine pale swallowwort (Vincetoxicum rossicum). Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 1:142–152.Google Scholar
Sonneveld, C. and Straver, N. 1994. Nutrient solutions for vegetables and flowers grown in water or substrates. Serie Voedingsoplossiningen Glastuinbouw Proefstation voor Tuinbouw Onder. Naaldwijk, The Netherlands Consulentschap voor de Tuinbow. 45 p.Google Scholar
Staerk, D., Christensen, J., Lemmich, E., Duus, J. O., Olsen, C. E., and Jaroszewski, J. W. 2000. Cytotoxic activity of some phenanthroindolizidine N-oxide alkaloids from Cynanchum vincetoxicum . J. Nat. Prod 63:1584–1586.Google Scholar
Staerk, D., Lykkeberg, A. K., Christensen, J., Budnik, B. A., Abe, F., and Jaroszewski, J. W. 2002. In vitro cytotoxic activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids from Cynanchum vincetoxicum and Tylophora tanakae against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. J. Nat. Prod 65:1299–1302.Google Scholar
Stowe, L. G. 1979. Allelopathy and its influence on the distribution of plants in an Illinois old-field. J. Ecol 67:1065–1085.Google Scholar
Wardle, D. A., Nicholson, K. S., and Rahman, A. 1996. Use of a comparative approach to identifying allelopathic potential and relationship between allelopathy bioassays and “competition” experiments for ten grassland and plant species. J. Chem. Ecol 22:933–948.Google Scholar
Wardle, D. A., Nilsson, M. C., Gallet, C., and Zakrisson, O. 1998. An ecosystem-level perspective of allelopathy. Biol. Rev 73:305–319.Google Scholar
Weidenhamer, J. D. 1996. Distinguishing resource competition and chemical interference: overcoming the methodological impasse. Agron. J 88:866–875.Google Scholar
Weston, L. A., Barney, J. N., and DiTommaso, A. 2005. A review of the biology, ecology and potential management of three important invasive perennials in New York State: Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) and pale swallowwort (Vincetoxicum rossicum). Plant Soil 277:53–69.Google Scholar
Weston, L. A., Harmon, R., and Mueller, S. 1989. Allelopathy potential of sorghum–sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J. Chem. Ecol 15:1855–1865.Google Scholar
Wolfe, B. E. and Klironomos, J. N. 2005. Breaking new ground: soil communities and exotic plant invasions. Bioscience 55:477–487.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, D. W. and Zumbo, B. D. 1993. Rank transformations and the power of the Student t test and the Welch t' test for non-normal populations with unequal variances. Can. J. Exp. Psychol 47:523–539.Google Scholar