Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b6zl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-12T23:32:25.824Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterizing Pathways of Invasive Plant Spread to Alaska: I. Propagules from Container-Grown Ornamentals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jeffery S. Conn ,
Casie A. Stockdale  and
Jenny C. Morgan
Jeffery S. Conn*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subarctic Research Unit, 360 O'Neil Building, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
Casie A. Stockdale
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subarctic Research Unit, 360 O'Neil Building, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
Jenny C. Morgan
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subarctic Research Unit, 360 O'Neil Building, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ffjsc1@uaf.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To determine the extent and nature of container-grown plant soil as a pathway for introduction of exotic plant species to Alaska, soil from container-grown ornamentals was obtained from vendors and was incubated in the greenhouse. Fifty-four plant species were identified growing in containers or germinating from the soil, and included Canada thistle—a prohibited weed in Alaska—and nine other species listed as invasive in Alaska. The number of species and estimated seed bank were very low for soil from vegetable starts/herbs and herbaceous bedding plants (< 2 seedlings/L soil), but was greater for soil from containers containing woody plants, especially balled and burlapped ornamentals (20 seedlings/L soil). Container alien plant seed bank size was strongly related to type of soil. Potting (soil-less) soil contained 1.2 germinating seeds/L, soil-based soil 5.5 seeds/L, and mineral soil 18.7 seeds/L. Growers and vendors were variables that also influenced the size of the container seed bank, suggesting that weed management practiced during production and at the point of sale can greatly influence seed banks of ornamental containers.

Keywords

Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.Pathwayscontainer-grown ornamentals
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , October 2008 , pp. 331 - 336
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous 2007. Alaska Food and Farm Product Directory and Resource Guide. State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture. Online directory: http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ag/ag_fooddirectory.htm.Google Scholar
Carlson, M. L., Lapina, I. V., Shephard, M., Conn, J. S., Densmore, R., Spencer, P., Heys, J., Riley, J., and Nielsen, J. 2008. Invasive Ranking System for Non-native Plants of Alaska. Juneau, AK U.S. Forest Service Technical Publication 143. 218 p.Google Scholar
Carlson, M. L. and Shepherd, M. A. 2007. Is the spread of non-native plants in Alaska accelerating. Pages 111–127. in. T. B. Harrington and S. H. Reichard, eds., Meeting the Challenge: Invasive Plants in Pacific Northwest Ecosystems. Portland, OR U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Technical Report PNW-GTR-694.Google Scholar
Case, L. T., Mathers, H. M., and Senesac, A. F. 2005. A review of weed control practices in container nurseries. HortTechnol 15:535–545.Google Scholar
Cross, G. B. and Skroch, W. A. 1992. Quantification of weed seed contamination and weed development in container nurseries. J. Eviron. Hortic 10:159–161.Google Scholar
Holt, J. S. 2004. Principles of weed management in agroecosystems and wildlands. Weed Technol 18:1559–1562.Google Scholar
Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Palo Alto, CA Stanford University Press. 1008 p.Google Scholar
Klingman, G. C. and Ashton, F. M. 1975. Weed Science: Principles and Practices. New York John Wiley. 431 p.Google Scholar
Mack, R. N. 2003. Global plant dispersal, naturalization and invasion: pathways, modes and circumstances. Pages 3–30. in Ruiz, G. M. and Carlton, J. T., editors. Invasive Species Vectors and Management Strategies. Washington, DC Island Press.Google Scholar
Muhlenbach, V. 1979. Contribution to the synanthropic (adventive) flora of the railroads in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Ann. MO. Bot. Gard 66:1–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proctor, V. W. 1968. Long distance dispersal of seeds by retention in the digestive tract of birds. Science 160:321–322.Google Scholar
Radosevich, S. R., Holt, J. S., and Ghersa, C. M. 1997. Weed Ecology. Implications for Management. 2nd ed. New York J. Wiley. 1–6.335–395.Google Scholar
Reichard, S. E. 1997. Prevention of invasive plant introductions on national and local levels. Pages 215–227. in Luken, J. O. and Thieret, J. W., editors. Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions. New York Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Rejmanek, M. and Randall, J. M. 1994. Invasive alien plants in California: 1993 summary and comparison with other areas in North America. Madrono 41:161–177.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Petroff, J. K. 1999. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, Oregon Oregon State University Press. 438 p.Google Scholar
[USDA-ERS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 2003. Floriculture and Nursery Crops Situation and Outlook. http://www.ers.gov.Google Scholar