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Forecasting Weed Distributions using Climate Data: A GIS Early Warning Tool

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Catherine S. Jarnevich ,
Tracy R. Holcombe ,
David T. Barnett ,
Thomas J. Stohlgren  and
John T. Kartesz
Catherine S. Jarnevich*
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Tracy R. Holcombe
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
David T. Barnett
Affiliation:
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Campus Mail 1499, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499
Thomas J. Stohlgren
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
John T. Kartesz
Affiliation:
Biota of North America Program, 9319 Bracken Lane, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jarnevichc@usgs.gov
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Abstract

The number of invasive exotic plant species establishing in the United States is continuing to rise. When prevention of exotic species from entering into a country fails at the national level and the species establishes, reproduces, spreads, and becomes invasive, the most successful action at a local level is early detection followed by eradication. We have developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) analysis for developing watch lists for early detection of invasive exotic plants that relies upon currently available species distribution data coupled with environmental data to aid in describing coarse-scale potential distributions. This GIS analysis tool develops environmental envelopes for species based upon the known distribution of a species thought to be invasive and represents the first approximation of its potential habitat while the necessary data are collected to perform more in-depth analyses. To validate this method we looked at a time series of species distributions for 66 species in Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountain counties. The time series analysis presented here did select counties that the invasive exotic weeds invaded in subsequent years, showing that this technique could be useful in developing watch lists for the spread of particular exotic species. We applied this same habitat-matching model based upon bioclimatic envelopes to 100 invasive exotics with various levels of known distributions within continental U.S. counties. For species with climatically limited distributions, county watch lists describe county-specific vulnerability to invasion. Species with matching habitats in a county would be added to that county's list. These watch lists can influence management decisions for early warning, control prioritization, and targeted research to determine specific locations within vulnerable counties. This tool provides useful information for rapid assessment of the potential distribution based upon climate envelopes of current distributions for new invasive exotic species.

Keywords

Exotic speciesgeographic information systeminvasive speciesiterative samplingmodelingrapid assessmentweeds
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 365 - 375
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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