Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-hvd4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-16T01:03:23.654Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sites of Disremembering: Narrative Tactics of Remembering the Past in Qasr and Heshmatieh Neighborhoods of Tehran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2025

Shamin Golrokh*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Urban Planning, School of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Maryam Saedi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Urban Planning, School of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Shamin Golrokh; Email: sh.golrokh@ut.ac.ir

Abstract

By applying narrative inquiry and cartographic reconfiguration of two significantly transformed neighborhoods, Qasr and Heshmatieh, in Tehran, in this study we analyze the practice of remembering within the context of memory politics. We aim to critically examine how residents of these neighborhoods, situated near major state security and military facilities, alter their recollections of the past. Inspired by de Certeau's concepts of strategy and tactics, the analysis seeks to identify the narrative tactics employed by interviewees to interpret the often imposed transformations of the area. Our findings underscore the process of “disremembering” as a hallmark of the transformation, perpetuated through constant “replacements.” Furthermore, they highlight four layers of transformation in the area, discussed within the framework of significant literature on Tehran's spatial transformation.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Association for Iranian Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahamian, Ervand. A History of Modern Iran. Oxford, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmadi, Akbar, and Jahangard, Esfandiar. “Rotbeh-bandi-e Mahalāt-e Shahr-e Therān az nazar-e Sath-e Barkhordārī va Keifiat-e Zendegī ba estefadeh az Fuzzy TOPSIS”, Eghtesād-e Shahrī 5, no. 1 (2020): 127–48.Google Scholar
Alderman, Derek H. “A Street Fit for a King: Naming Places and Commemoration in the American South.” Professional Geographer 52, no. 4 (2000): 672–84.Google Scholar
Ameel, Lieven. The Narrative Turn in Urban Planning: Plotting the Helsinki Waterfront. Routledge, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amir Ebrahimi, Masserat. “Az Farhangsarā tā Māl; tasir-e fazāhāy-e omūmī-ye jadid bar zendegī-ye rūzmare-ye mardom-e Tehran.” In Bāzkhānī-ye Shahr: Hokmrānī-ye Shahrī, edited by Jahanshad, Pouria. National Library and Archives of Iran, 2022.Google Scholar
Brenner, Neil, and Elden, Stuart. State, Space, World: Selected Essays 1. NED-New edition. University of Minnesota Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Collie, Nartalie. “Walking in the City: Urban Space, Stories, and Gender.” Gender Forum 42, no. 1 (2013): 314.Google Scholar
Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Oxford, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connerton, Paul. “Seven Types of Forgetting.” Memory Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 5971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crang, Mike. “Relics, Places, and Unwritten Geographies in the Work of Michel de Certeau (1925–86).” In Thinking Space, edited by Mike Crang and Nigel Thrift, 136–53. Routledge, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronin, Stephanie. The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921–1941. London: Routledge, 2007.Google Scholar
Cronin, Stephanie. “Modernity, Change, and Dictatorship in Iran: The New Order and Its Opponents, 1927–29.” Middle Eastern Studies 39, no. 2 (2003): 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Backer, Mattias, Claske Dijkema, and Hörschelmann, Kathrin. “Preface: The everyday politics of public space.” Space and Culture 22, no. 3 (2019): 240–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Certeau, Michel. The practice of everyday life. Translated by Rendall, Steven. Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. “Forgotten Knowledge.” In Shifting Contexts: Transformations in Anthropological Knowledge, edited by Strathern, Marilyn. New York: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
Dwyer, Owen J. “Location, politics, and the production of civil rights memorial landscapes.” Urban Geography 23, no. 1 (2002): 3156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwyer, Owen J. “Symbolic accretion and commemoration.” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 419–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwyer, Owen J., and Alderman, Derek H.. “Memorial landscapes: analytic questions and metaphors.” GeoJournal 73 (2008): 165–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehsani, Kaveh. “Municipal matters: The urbanization of consciousness and political change in Tehran.” Middle East Report 212 (1999): 2227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehsani, Kaveh. “The politics of property in the Islamic Republic of Iran.” In The rule of law, Islam, and constitutional politics in Egypt and Iran, edited by ___, 153–78. 2013.Google Scholar
Etemad, Guiti, ed. Arzyābī-e tarh-e Navāb va payāmadhā-ye ān. Tehran: Jāme-ye Mohandesān-e Moshāver-e Iran, 2013.Google Scholar
Fayazi, Maral. “Position of Historical Textures in Urban Development with a Glimpse to Qajar Garden Palace, Tehran.” International Journal of Science, Technology, and Society 3, no. 1/2 (2015): 99102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. “Film and popular memory: an interview with Michel Foucault.” Translated by Jordan, Martin. Radical Philosophy 11, no. 11 (1975).Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews And Other Writings, 1972–1977. Edited by Gordon, Colin. Translated by Gordon, Colin et al. New York: Pantheon, 1980.Google Scholar
Golrokh, Shamin. “A Contested Collective: monumental public spaces and the politics of memory in Iran.” GeoJournal 87, no. 5 (2022): 4025–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. On collective memory. Edited and translated by Coser, Lewis A.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamdan-Saliba, Hanaa, and Fenster, Tovi. “Tactics and strategies of power: The construction of spaces of belonging for Palestinian women in Jaffa–Tel Aviv.” Women's Studies International Forum 35, no. 4 (2012): 203–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamidi, Maliheh, et al. Sākhtār-e Shahr-e Tehrān. Tehran: Tehran Municipality Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Hayden, Dolores. The power of place: Urban landscapes as public history. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Hirst, William, and Stone, Charles B.. “A Unified Approach to Collective Memory: Sociology, Psychology and the Extended Mind.” In The Ashgate Research Companion to Memory Studies, edited by Kattago, Siobhan. Ashgate, 2016.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. “Introduction: inventing traditions.” In The invention of tradition, edited by Hobsbawm, Eric and Ranger, Terence, 114. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Hoelscher, Steven, and Alderman, Derek H.. “Memory and place: geographies of a critical relationship.” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 347–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huyssen, Andreas. Present Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huyssen, Andreas. Twilight Memories: Marking Times in a Culture of Amnesia. Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
Islamic Republic News Agency. “Bozorgrāh-e Shahid Sayād Shirazi va Imām Alī do tarhe-e māndegār va tārikhī dar Tehrān.” 2022. https://www.irna.ir/amp/84818852.Google Scholar
Iranian Students' News Agency. “Gozāreshe ISNA az moshkelāt-e sākht-e tasfiyeh khāney-e Zendān-e Qasr, sahlengāri va koutāhiy-e seh nahād yā … ?” 2023. https://www.isna.ir/news/8003-00813.Google Scholar
Yücel, Kap, Demet, Seher, and Aksümer, Gizem. “Urban morphological change in the case of Selcuk, Turkey: A mixed-methods approach.” European Planning Studies 27, no. 1 (2019): 126–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karami, Sepideh. “No Longer a Prison: The Logistics and Politics of Transforming a Prison as Work of Architecture.” Space and Culture 25, no. 3 (2022): 415–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, Cindi. “Major/minor: Theory, nature, and politics.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85, no. 1 (1995): 164–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, Cindi. “Towards minor theory.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14, no. 4 (1996): 487–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenny, Michael G. “A place for memory: The interface between individual and collective history.” Comparative studies in society and history 41, no. 3 (1999): 420–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khatam, Azam. “Tehran Urban Reforms between Two Revolutions: Developmentalism, Worlding Urbanism and Neoliberalism.” PhD diss., York University, 2015.Google Scholar
Khatam, Azam, and Keshavarzian, Arang. “Decentralization and Ambiguities of Local Politics in Tehran.” Middle East Institute. January 14, 2016. https://www.mei.edu/publications/decentralization-and-ambiguities-local-politics-tehran.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Henri. The production of space. Translated by Nicholson-Smith, Donald. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, [1974] 1991.Google Scholar
Ali, Madanipour. Tehran: the making of a metropolis. New York: Wiley, 1998.Google Scholar
Madanipour, Ali. “Urban planning and development in Tehran,” Cities 23, no. 6 (2006): 433–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mashayekhi, Azadeh. “Tehran, the Scene of Modernity in the Pahlavi Dynasty: Modernisation and Urbanisation Processes, 1925–1979.” In Urban Change in Iran: Stories of rooted histories and ever-accelerating developments, edited by Arefian, Fatemeh Farnaz and Iradj Moeini, Seyed Hossein, 103–19. Urban Book Series. Springer, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minarova-Banjac, Cindy. “Collective Memory and Forgetting: A Theoretical Discussion.” Centre for East-West Cultural & Economic Studies 16 (2018): 339.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Katharyne. “Monuments, memorials, and the politics of memory.” Urban Geography 24, no. 5 (2003): 442–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mousavizadeh, Hasan. “Hešmatiy(yy)e (Heshmatieh).” In The Great Islamic Encyclopedia. Center for Iranian and Islamic Studies, 2019.Google Scholar
Nazarian, Asghar. “Mantaghe-ye Kalānshahrī va bāztāb-e fazāī-ye ān: mored-e Tehrān.” Quarterly Geographical Journal of Territory 2, no. 7 (2005): 2441.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Peterson, Eric E., and Langellier, Kristin M.. “The performance turns in narrative studies.” Narrative Inquiry 16, no. 1 (2006): 173–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Razmara, Hossein Ali. Farhang-e Joghrāfiāī-e Iran: Abādihā. Geographical Center of Iran Army, 1949.Google Scholar
Ricoeurp, Paul. “Khātereh, Tārīkh, Farāmūshī”. Goftogu 8 (1995): 4759.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. Memory, History, Forgetting. Translated by Blamey, Kathleen and Pellauer, David. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, Edward W.Invention, memory, and place.” Critical inquiry 26, no. 2 (2000): 175–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandercock, Leonie. “From the campfire to the computer: An epistemology of multiplicity and the story turn in planning.” In Multimedia explorations in urban policy and planning: beyond the flatlands, edited by Sandercock, Leonie and Attili, Giovanni., 1737. Springer, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandercock, Leonie. “Out of the closet: The importance of stories and storytelling in planning practice.” In Dialogues in urban and regional planning, edited by Harper, Thomas L., Yeh, Anthony GO, and de Moura Costa, Heloisa Soares, 315–37. Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
Shafiei, Maryam. “Assimilation of historic villages within Tehran City: tangible and intangible consequences.” In Urban Histories in Practice: Morphologies and Memory, edited by Gruth, Jeffrey and Rugare, Steven, 3150. Cambridge Scholars, 2022.Google Scholar
Sheikh-ol-Islami, M. J.Army: Pahlavi Period.” Encyclopedia Iranica vol. 2, no. 5, 508–14. 2011. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/army-vi.Google Scholar
Shin, HaeRan, and Jin, Yerin. “The politics of forgetting: Unmaking memories and reacting to memory-place-making.” Geographical Research 59, no. 3 (2021): 439–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirazian, Reza. Tehran Negari: maps and names of places in old Tehran. Tehran: Dastan, 2016.Google Scholar
Soltani, Kiavash. Redeveloping Tehran: A Study of Piecemeal versus Comprehensive Redevelopment of Run-Down Areas. Springer International, 2022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soltani, Zohreh. “The reincarnation of the damned Qajar palace: From palace to prison, from prison to museum.” In The Future of the Past: From Amphipolis to Mosul, New Approaches to Cultural Heritage Preservation in the Eastern Mediterranean, edited by Chalikias, K. et al., 4754. Archaeological Institute of America, 2016.Google Scholar
Stevens, Quentin, and Sumartojo, Shanti. “’56 after ’89: Re-Commemorating Hungarian history after the fall of communism.” Translation: Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand 31 (2014): 355–71.Google Scholar
Sturken, Marita. Tangled memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS epidemic, and the politics of remembering. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumartojo, Shanti. “Commemorative atmospheres: Memorial sites, collective events and the experience of national identity.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 41, no. 4 (2016): 541–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumartojo, Shanti. “National identity and commemorative space: Connections to the nation through time and site.” Landscape Review 15, no. 2 (2015).Google Scholar
Terdiman, Richard. Present past: Modernity and the memory crisis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Till, Karen E. “Artistic and activist memory-work: Approaching place-based practice.” Memory studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 99113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Till, Karen E. “Memory studies.” History Workshop Journal 62, no. 1 (2006): 325–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Till, Karen E. The new Berlin: Memory, politics, place. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Till, Karen E. “Places of memory.” In A Companion to Political Geography, edited by Agnew, John, Mitchell, Katharyne, and Toal, Gerard, 289301. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Till, Karen E. “Wounded cities: Memory-work and a place-based ethics of care.” Political Geography 31, no. 1 (2012): 314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vahdat-Zad, Vahid. “Spatial Discrimination in Tehran's Modern Urban Planning, 1906–1979.” Journal of Planning History 12, no. 1 (2013): 4962.Google Scholar
Villani, Caterina, and Talamini, Gianni. “Pedestrianized streets in the global neoliberal city: A battleground between hegemonic strategies of commodification and informal tactics of commoning.” Cities 108 (2021): 102983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar