The Excavations of the British Museum at Toprak Kale, Near Van—Addenda

R. D. Barnett

doi:10.2307/4199580

The Excavations of the British Museum at Toprak Kale, Near Van—Addenda

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2014

R. D. Barnett

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In Vol. XII (1950) of Iraq I published as much as was then available of the results of Rassam and Clayton's excavations at Toprak Kale. I also summarily described the material from the excavations of Lehmann-Haupt and others at the same site. Since then, some items missing in 1950 have come to light in the British Museum, while others not then fit for publication have been cleaned and repaired. In addition, I have now obtained access to Russian publications, with which I was then unacquainted, dealing with the subject.

Type: Research Article
Information: IRAQ , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , Spring 1954 , pp. 3 - 22

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4199580 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 1954

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^{page 3 note 1} Iraq XII Pt. I, pp. 1–43Google Scholar.

^{page 4 note 1} loc. cit. p. 10.

^{page 5 note 1} e.g., Schmidt, Versepolis I, pl. 19.

^{page 5 note 2} Piotrovskii, , Urartu (Leningrad 1939)Google Scholar, pl. 16. For a sketch map of Van and part of Toprak Kale see Lynch, , Armenia II, map opp. p. 81Google Scholar.

^{page 7 note 1} Piotrovskii, , Karmir Blur I (Erivan, 1950)Google Scholar, Fig. 36.

^{page 7 note 2} King, The Bronze Gates of Shalmaneser, pls. 36–8. Bossert, Altanatolien, figs. 1209–1211.

^{page 7 note 3} Published in Perrot, and Chipiez, , Histoire de. l'Art dans l'Antiquité, III, 447Google Scholar, Figs. 319–20; from Marash, bought in 1881. The same helmet is also worn by the bowman in a chariot on a sculpture at Zinjirli. (Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli III, pl. xxxix).

^{page 7 note 4} Assyrian Basement 124956–7, Saloon 118934.

^{page 8 note 1} The Assyrian Sculptures (1934), 38Google Scholar.

^{page 8 note 2} Botta, Monument de Ninive, pl. 145.

^{page 8 note 3} Koşay, Les Fouilles de Pazarli, pt. xxi.

^{page 8 note 4} Piotrovskii, , Karmir Blur (Erivan, 1950)Google Scholar, pls. 13–15; Barnett, and Watson, , Russian Excavations in Armenia, Iraq, XIVGoogle Scholar, pt. 2, Fig. 15 and Plate XXXII. From Soviet News, May 21st, 1953, I learn that these fine pieces with the cups from Karmir Blur have now been transferred to the Hermitage (information by kindness of Professor V. Minorsky).

^{page 9 note 1} Batnett and Watson, loc. cit., Plate XXXII.

^{page 9 note 2} Barnett, and Gökce, , Urartian Bronzes from Enzincan, Anatolian Studies III (1953)Google Scholar, pl. 18.

^{page 10 note 1} Scheil, , Un Chariot du Temple de Haldi (Recueil de Travaux, 1914, p. 179Google Scholar, reproduced by Przeworski, Die Metallindustrie Anatoliens, plate XII, 3a–b.) See my article, Iraq XII, pt. 1, p. 35, n.6Google Scholar.

^{page 10 note 2} Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf, pl. 58.

^{page 10 note 3} See Bulle, Geleisestrassen des Altertums, Sitzungsb. der Bayr. Akad. Wiss., ph. hist. Kl., 1947, reviewed in Orientalia, 1948, p. 511Google Scholar; see also Frankfort, H. in Iraq, XIV, pt. 2, p. 122Google Scholar, and A. Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge des Alten Mesopotamien, pl. IX.

^{page 11 note 1} Istoria i Kul’tura Urartu (Erivan, 1944), p. 148Google Scholar. I am deeply indebted to Professor V. Minorsky for the loan of a copy of this important book, which, like most Russian works on Urartu, is virtually unobtainable here.

^{page 11 note 2} Sayce 78; listed in Lehmann-Haupt, , Corpus Inscriptionium Chaldirarum, 177Google Scholar.

^{page 11 note 3} B. B. Piotrovskii, Urartskie bronzovye Statuetki, in Trudy Otdela Vostoka 1. This journal may now be studied in the British Museum (Vols. I–III in microfilm, Vol. IV (1947) in book form; press mark. Ac. 5583 b.) I have not been able as yet to trace any volume later than 1947. For microfilms of Vols. I–II I am indebted to Miss Johanna Vindenaas, of the Chicago Oriental Institute, and for Vol. III to Brooklyn Museum Library. For kind help in translation I am deeply obliged to Mme. M. Kaigorodova.

^{page 12 note 1} I am deeply indebted to the present Marquis for his courtesy and kindness in allowing me to examine this and the other Urartian bronzes in his possession.

^{page 13 note 1} Trudy, p. 51.

^{page 13 note 2} I doubt this.

^{page 13 note 3} I am much indebted to Mr. Charles Wilkinson, of the Metropolitan Museum, New York, for first drawing my attention to this piece in the above-mentioned Russian publication.

^{page 15 note 1} Parrot, La Huitième Campagne de Mari, Pl. IV, fig. 8. (Les Annales Archéologiques de Syrie II, 1952Google Scholar. I am deeply obliged to M. Parrot for allowing me to reproduce this illustration.

^{page 16 note 1} This gentleman, alias Kerovp’e Patkanian (1827–1886), was a member of a family of Nahçevan, known in Turkish circles under the name of Munasibian. He was professor of Armenian and Eastern History and Literatures at the Lazarist Academy in Moscow. He wrote, inter alia, a History of Urartu (1884). For this and the information about the Devgants family I am deeply indebted to Mr. A. Safrastian, formerly of Van, a mine of erudition on all matters connected with Armenia.

^{page 16 note 2} The province of Armenia in which Van is situated. See map, Iraq, XII, pt. 1, Fig. 1.

^{page 17 note 1} “The garden city stretching east of the walled city of Van, marked C on Lynch's map. Armenia II opp. 81” (A. Safrastian).

^{page 17 note 2} lit. Cave of Zemzem, a spring at Mecca which, according to Moslem tradition, was struck by Abraham. This is the large underground “cistern” on Toprak Kale. See Iraq, XII, Pt. 1, p. 24Google Scholar. Mr. Seton Lloyd, however, informs me that after inspection of it he is convinced it is not a cistern but an underground temple.

^{page 17 note 3} Meher-kapusu. lit. “door of Meher”, a niche containing an Urartian inscription of Išpuinis and Menuas (Lehman-Haupt, , Corp. Inscrip. Chald. 18Google Scholar), regarding the Urartian pantheon. The subject matter of this inscription confirms Mr. Lloyd's suggestion in note 2 above.

^{page 17 note 4} Perhaps refers to the ivory figure, Iraq, XII, Pt. 1, p. 10Google Scholar, Fig. 6.

^{page 17 note 5} My italics—R.D.B.

^{page 18 note 1} Trudy I, p. 50Google Scholar. Lehmann-Haupt, , Materialien Zur älteren-Gesch. Armeniens. Abh. Kon. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen N.F. IX, 3, 1907Google Scholar, fig. 10.

^{page 18 note 2} Lehmann-Haupt, loc. cit., fig. 69. Barnett, , Iraq, XIIGoogle Scholar, pt. 1. Plate XX.

^{page 18 note 3} Lehmann-Haupt, loc. cit., fig. 66. Barnett, Plate XVIII.

^{page 18 note 4} Lehmann-Haupt, loc. cit., fig. 71.

^{page 19 note 1} Iraq, XII, Pt. 1, p. 20Google Scholar.

^{page 19 note 2} Pudelko, Georg, Altpersische Armbänder, A.F.O IX, 1953–1934Google Scholar, Plate IV, Figs. 4, 5, illustrated a silver bracelet in Berlin (Antiquarium) which was found “south of Van”, i.e., probably not at Toprak Kale.

He also mentions another in the Vorderasiatische Abteilung, and another of bronze in the British Museum (12546). These may be compared with the Hermitage pieces.

^{page 20 note 1} Schmidt, , O.I.C. 21, p. 42Google Scholar, Fig. 26; sec Iraq, XII, pt. 1 p. 41Google Scholar

^{page 20 note 2} B.M.Q., VIII, 1953Google Scholar, Plate Xa.

^{page 21 note 1} The B.M. oval marking significantly bears traces of gold leaf. It has a cylindrical form, outside diam. ·030 m., inside diam. ·020 m. M. Stockt kindly informs me that the top of the headdress of his figure is also cylindrical, outside diam. ·040 m., inside diam. ·030 m. This seems to me near enough. There was probably an intervening member, diminishing in size upwards.

page 21 note 2 Trudy I, 55–56Google Scholar.

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