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MINORANZE E SICUREZZA NAZIONALE IN MEDIO ORIENTE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Alessandro Colombo

Introduzione

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L'invasione del Kuwait e la guerra civile seguita alla sconfitta dell'Iraq hanno inferto un duro colpo alle semplificazioni più comuni della situazione mediorientale; quella, caratteristica delle fasi acute di tensione bipolare, che collocava le cause del conflitto fuori della regione, nella competizione Est/Ovest; quella, non meno parziale, centrata sul conflitto arabo-israeliano, che riportava all'interno del Medio Oriente le radici dell'instabilità ma non rinunciava a ricondurle tutte ad una sola; quella più recente, infine, del «nuovo ordine internazionale», che proprio dal «discorso» bipolare deduceva che, una volta venuto meno il conflitto tra le superpotenze, anche i conflitti regionali si sarebbero avviati a soluzione.

Summary

Summary

The purpose of the essay is to explain the reason why the coexistence among different ethnic, religious or national groups is more difficult in the Middle East than in other areas. In the more traditional analysis of the Middle East, intollerance is held to depend on internal characteristics such as autoritarian regimes, leaders' personalities or arab/islamic fanatism. Actually, this essay is based on the notion that the regional system affects the outcome of behaviour regardless of the intentions and motives of the actors themselves.

The thesis is that a number of factors make middle eastern states insecure, and that within the anarchic and competitive conditions of their regional system the states are compelled to regard minorities as a problem of «national security» and their demands as a threat. The relation between states and minorities entails a typical «security dilemma». Although minorities don't attempt to weaken the state, the state cannot be sure that they are and will remain «peaceful»; thus it is induced to be intolerant in order to defend itself. But as it fights minorities the state risks to undermine its identity and to strenghten theirs, sinking into a still worse condition of insecurity.

Type
SAGGI
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , April 1993 , pp. 39 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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