Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-14T13:38:45.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

MITI E REALTÀ DEL CARTEL PARTY. LE TRASFORMAZIONI DEI PARTITI ALLA FINE DEL VENTESIMO SECOLO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Francesco Raniolo

Introduzione

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In un fortunato saggio di qualche anno fa Daalder (1992) ha avuto facile gioco nell'individuare alcuni dei principali limiti metodologici e sostantivi di gran parte della letteratura sulla crisi dei partiti: l'esistenza di assunti aprioristici e di preconcetti normativi; la tendenza a ragionare in termini di «inesorabili» processi sociali e trend politici; la carenza di approfondite ricerche empiriche in grado di discriminare il peso delle differenze tra periodi storici, paesi, sistemi partitici e tra gli stessi partiti. Inoltre, la retorica sulla crisi dei partiti è stata anche alimentata dalla cattiva individuazione ed esplicitazione dei criteri sulla base dei quali il funzionamento dei sistemi partitici e dei singoli partiti venivano valutati. Così, la sedicente crisi dei partiti poteva dipendere semplicemente dal fatto che si guardava loro enfatizzando oltre misura un particolare angolo visuale a discapito di altri (Daalder 1992; Calise 1992; Mair 1997).

Summary

Summary

The article is a critical review of the literature on the classical party typologies and it proposes an in-depth analysis of the most recent ones. After an examination of the cartel party, it deals with the electoral-professional party, the new framework party and the party of professional politicians (all subtypes of the so called postmodern party). The analysis of these different types of parties considers three crucial dimensions (organizational, electoral and institutional) and it takes into consideration also the functional complexity of the political parties. The article deals also on party dualism. Every political party is seen as swinging between the logic of identity, what it is, and the logic of competition, what it does. Different party types emphasize one over the other. Finally the article raises some theoretical and methodological questions. On the one hand, it stresses the relationship between party change and the theory of democracy. On the other hand, it calls for a more detailed empirical investigation of postmodern parties, in order to discriminate more accutately the impact of different historical periods, countries, party systems and parties.

Type
Note
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , December 2000 , pp. 553 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna 

References

Riferimenti bibliografici

Appleton, A.M. e Ward, D.S. (1994), Measuring Party Organization in the United States. An Assessment and A New Approach, in «Party Politics», n. 1, pp. 113–131.Google Scholar
Bartolini, S. (1996), Partiti politici e sistemi di partito, in «Enciclopedia delle Scienze Sociali», vol. VI, pp. 516–531.Google Scholar
Bartolini, S. e Mair, P. (1990), Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: the Stabilisation of European Electorates, 1885-1985, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beyme, von K. (1996), Party Leadership and Change in Party System: Towards A Post-modern Party State?, in «Government and Opposition», n. 2, pp. 135–159.Google Scholar
Beyme, von K. (1997), Classe politica e partitocrazia, trad. it., Torino, UTET Libreria.Google Scholar
Caciagli, M. (1983), Declino o persistenza del partito di iscritti, in «Democrazia e Diritto», n. 3, pp. 27–48.Google Scholar
Calise, M. (a cura di) (1992), Come cambiano i partiti, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Calise, M. (2000), Il partito personale, Roma-Bari, Laterza.Google Scholar
Cotta, M. (1992), Continuità e discontinuità nei sistemi partitici europei, in Calise (a cura di), pp. 297–341.Google Scholar
Daalder, H. (1992), A Crisis of Party?, in «Scandinavian Political Studies», n. 4, pp. 269–287.Google Scholar
della Porta, D. (1992), Lo scambio occulto. Casi di corruzione politica in Italia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Duverger, M. (1961), I partiti politici, Milano, Edizioni Comunità.Google Scholar
Epstein, L.D. (1967), Political Parties in Western Democracies, London, Pall Mall Press.Google Scholar
Ersson, S.O. e Lane, J.-E. (1998), Electoral Instability and Party System Change in Western Europe, in Pennings, P. e Lane, J.-E. (a cura di), Comparing Party System Change, London, Routledge, pp. 23–39.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. e Freeman, J. (1977), The Population Ecology of Organizations, in «American Journal of Sociology», n. 5, pp. 930–964.Google Scholar
Harmel, R. e Janda, K. (1994), An Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change, in «Journal of Theoretical Politics», n. 3, pp. 259–287.Google Scholar
Hirschman, A.O. (1982), Lealtà defezione protesta. Rimedi alla crisi delle imprese dei partiti e dello Stato, trad. it., Milano, Bompiani.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, S.N. (1998), The Greek Right: Between Transition and Reform, in Wilson, F.L. (a cura di), The European Center-right At the End of the Twentieth Century, New York, St. Martin's Press, pp. 87–115.Google Scholar
Katz, R.S. (1990), Party as Linkage: a Vestigial Function, in D. Sainsbury (a cura di), Party Strategy and Party-Voter Linkages, numero speciale di «European Journal of Political Research», n. 1, pp. 143–161.Google Scholar
Katz, R.S. e Mair, P. (1993), The Evolution of Party Organizations in Europe: the Three Faces of Party Organization, in «American Review of Politics», n. 14, pp. 593–617.Google Scholar
Katz, R.S. e Mair, P. (1994) (a cura di), How Parties Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, London, Sage.Google Scholar
Katz, R.S. e Mair, P. (1995), Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: the Emergence of the Cartel Party, in «Party Politics», n. 1, pp. 5–28.Google Scholar
Key, V.O. (1964), Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups, New York, Thomas Y. Crowell.Google Scholar
Kirchheimer, O. (1971), La trasformazione dei sistemi partitici dell'Europa occidentale, in Sivini, G. (a cura di), Sociologia dei partiti politici, Bologna, Il Mulino, pp. 177–202.Google Scholar
Koole, R. (1994), The Vulnerability of the Modern Cadre Party in the Netherlands, in Katz, R.S. e Mair, P. (a cura di), How Parties Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, London, Sage, pp. 278–303.Google Scholar
Koole, R. (1996), Cadre, Catch-all or Cartel? A Comment on the Notion of the Cartel Party, in «Party Politics», n. 4, pp. 507–534.Google Scholar
Lijphart, A. (1968), Typologies of Democratic Systems, in «Comparative Political Studies», n. 1, pp. 3–44.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1983), Adaptation and Control: Towards an Understanding of Party and Party System Change, in Daalder, H. e Mair, P. (a cura di), Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change, London, Sage Publications, pp. 405–429.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1989), Continuities, Changes, and Vulnerability of Party, in «West European Politics», n. 4, pp. 169–188.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1990), The West European Party System, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1994), Party Organization: From Civil Society to the State, in Katz, S.R. e Mair, P. (a cura di), How Parties Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, London, Sage, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1997), Party System Change. Approaches and Interpretations, Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1999), La società non abita qui?, in «Reset», n. 57, pp. 20–25.Google Scholar
March, J.G. e Olsen, J.P. (1989), Riscoprire le istituzioni. Le basi organizzative della politica, trad. it., Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Marradi, A. (1992), Classificazioni, tipologie, tassonomie, in «Enciclopedia delle Scienze Sociali», vol. II, pp. 22–30.Google Scholar
Mastropaolo, A. (1996), Gaetano Mosca: due teorie della classe politica e un esercizio d'interpretazione, in «Teoria Politica», n. 2, pp. 87–102.Google Scholar
Modino, L. (1996), Crisis of Parties and Change of Party System in Italy, in «Party Politics», n. 1, pp. 5–30.Google Scholar
Modino, L. (1998), Democracy Between Consolidation and Crisis. Parties, Groups and Citizens in Southern Europe, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mudde, C. (1996), The Paradox of the Anti-party Party. Insights from the Extreme Right, in «Party Politics», n. 2, pp. 265–276.Google Scholar
Müller, W.C. (1993), The Relevance of the State for Party System Change, in «Journal of Theoretical Politics», n. 5, pp. 419–454.Google Scholar
Müller, W.C. e Wright, V. (a cura di) (1994), The State in Western Europe Retreat or Redefinition?, in «West European Politics», n. 3, pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
Panebianco, A. (1982), Modelli di partito, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Panebianco, A. (1984), Ipotesi di ricerca sui partiti politici italiani, in Graziano, L. (a cura di), La scienza politica in Italia. Materiali per un bilancio, Milano, Feltrinelli, pp. 199–216.Google Scholar
Pasquino, G. (1997), Corso di scienza della politica, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Pennings, P. e Lane, J.H. (a cura di) (1988), Comparing Party System Change, London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Perkins, D. (1996), Structure and Choice. The Role of Organizations, Patronage and Media in Party Formation, in «Party Politics», n. 3, pp. 355–375.Google Scholar
Pizzorno, A. (1980), Per un'analisi teorica dei partiti politici in Italia, in Id. (1980), I soggetti del pluralismo, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Pizzorno, A. (1992), La corruzione nel sistema politico, intr. a D. della Porta (1992), Lo scambio occulto. Casi di corruzione politica in Italia , Bologna, Il Mulino, pp. 11–74.Google Scholar
Pizzorno, A. (1993), Le radici della politica assoluta e altri saggi, Milano, Feltrinelli.Google Scholar
Raniolo, F. (2000), I partiti conservatori nell'Europa occidentale, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1965), Partiti e sistemi di partito, Editrice Universitaria, Firenze.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1976), Parties and Party System: A Framework for Analysis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1979), La politica. Logica e metodo nelle scienze sociali, Milano, Sugarco.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1995), Ingegneria costituzionale comparata, trad. it., Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. e Sani, G. (1983), Polarization, Fragmentation e Competition in Western Democracies, in Daalder, H. e Mair, P. (a cura di), Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change, London, Sage, pp. 307–340.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, E.E. (1960), The Semi-sovereign People, New York, Holt Rinehart e Winston.Google Scholar
Schmidt, M.G. (1996), When Parties Matter: a Review of the Possibilities and Limits of Partisan Influence on Public Policy, in «European Journal of Political Research», n. 4, pp. 155–183.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J.A. (1955), Capitalismo, socialismo e democrazia, trad. it., Milano, Comunità.Google Scholar
Scott, R.W. (1985), Le organizzazioni, trad. it., Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Selle, P. e Svåsand, L. (1983), The Local Party Organization and its Members: Between Randomness and Rationality, in «Scandinavian Political Studies», n. 3, pp. 211–229.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, A.L. (1965), Social Structure and Organizations, in March, J.G., (a cura di), Handbook of Organizations, Chicago, Rand McNally & Company, pp. 142–193.Google Scholar
Strom, K. (1990), A Behavioural Theory of Competitive Political Parties, in «American Journal of Political Science», n. 2, pp. 565–598.Google Scholar
Ware, A. (1985), The Breakdown of Democratic Party Organizations, 1940-1980, New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ware, A. (1996), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1980), Economia e società, trad. it., Milano, Edizioni Comunità.Google Scholar
Wilson, F.L. (1998) (a cura di), The European Center-right at the End of the Twentieth Century, New York, St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Wolinetz, S.B. (1989), Party System Change: the Catch-all Thesis Revisited, in «West European Politics», n. 14, pp. 113–128.Google Scholar
Wolinetz, S.B. (a cura di) (1997), Political Parties, Aldershot, Ashgate.Google Scholar
Zolo, D. (1996), Il principato democratico. Per una teoria realistica della democrazia, Milano, Feltrinelli.Google Scholar