Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:08:54.519Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effluent from grass silage for finishing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

D. C. Patterson  and
D. J. Kilpatrick
D. C. Patterson
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, Hillsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR, UK
D. J. Kilpatrick
Affiliation:
Biometrics Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A total of 52 individually penned pigs (mean initial and final live weights (LW) of 31·7 and 81·5 kg, respectively) was used in a randomized block experiment at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, Hillsborough, in 1984. The treatments were based on dietary regimes which comprised a control diet in which meal was offered at 86 g dry matter/k W0·75 per day or diets in which silage effluent was substituted for part of the allowance of meal of the control diet at 125, 175, 225 and 275 g/kg on a dry matter basis to give 0·125, 0·175, 0·225 and 0·275 effluent diets. There was also a negative control diet in which meal was offered at 850 g/kg of the rate of feeding of the control diet. Each of these dietary treatments included water available ad libitum. In a further treatment, effluent was substituted for 225 g/kg of the meal allowance of the control treatment on a dry matter basis, but additional water was not offered. The treatment based on the 0·275 effluent diet was omitted from the first four replicates.

Some refusals of diet occurred at the higher rates of effluent feeding, with mean refusals of 7, 11 and 21 g/kg, respectively, for the 0·175, 0·225 and 0·275 effluent diets on a dry matter basis. Significant linear and quadratic contrasts (P <0·01) were found for daily LW gain, feed conversion ratio and total liquid intake. The quadratic response curves for daily LW gain and feed conversion ratio had relatively flat peaks, optimum values occurring at concentrations of effluent in the diet of 95 (S.E. 17) and 99 (S.E. 15) g/kg, respectively. From the response curves, performance in terms of LW gain and feed conversion ratio was equal, or superior, to that obtained with the control diet at concentrations of effluent of up to 190 (S.E. 33) and 199 (S.E. 30) g/kg, respectively, but deteriorated at higher concentrations of effluent.

Additional water was consumed at all rates of inclusion of effluent. However, from the quadratic equations, the total consumption of liquid was lower with diets containing effluent at up to 161 g/kg of diet than with the control diet.

Type
Animals
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 116 , Issue 1 , February 1991 , pp. 119 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Banwart, W. L., Tabatai, M. A. & Bremner, J. M. (1972). Determination of ammonia in soil extracts and water samples by an ammonia electrode. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 72, 449–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastiman, B. (1976). Factors affecting silage effluent production. Experimental Husbandry 31, 40–46.Google Scholar
Dewar, W. A. & McDonald, P. (1961). Determination of dry matter in silage by distillation with toluene. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 11, 790–795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elsden, S. R. & Gibson, G. H. (1954). The estimation of lactic acid using eerie sulphate. Biochemical Journal 58, 154–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D. W. & Kay, J. J. (1976). Determination of volatile fatty acids C1–C6 and lactic acid in silage juice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27, 1005–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malnic, G., Mello, A. M. & Giebisch, G. (1971). Potassium transport across renal distal tubules during acid–base disturbances. American Journal of Physiology 221, 1192–1208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, G. D. & Scott, D. (1972). Renal excretion of potassium and potassium tolerance in the pig. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 57, 393–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, G. D. & Scott, D. (1974). Renal excretion of sodium and sodium tolerance in the pig. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 59, 103–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, P., Stirling, A. C., Henderson, A. R., Dewar, W. A., Stark, G. H., Davie, W. G., MacPherson, H. T., Reid, A. M. & Slater, J. (1960). Studies on Ensilage. Technical Bulletin, Edinburgh School of Agriculture, No. 24.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1981). The Analysis of Agricultural Materials. MAFF Publication RB427. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. C. (1980). Effluent from the ensilage of grass as a source of nutrients for the pig. PhD thesis, The Queen's University of Belfast.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. C. (1983). Silage Effluent for Feeding Pigs. Occasional Publication, Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, No. 8.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. C. & Walker, N. (1979 a). The use of effluent from grass silage in the diet of finishing pigs. I. Variation in composition of effluents. Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, 263–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, D. C. & Walker, N. (1979 b). The use of effluent from grass silage in the diet of finishing pigs. II. Assessment of nutritive value of fresh and stored effluent. Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, 275–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, D. C. & Walker, N. (1982). Some factors affecting the voluntary intake by pigs of diets containing effluent from the ensilage of grass. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 98, 123–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spillane, T. A. & O'Shea, J. (1973). A simple way to dispose of silage effluents. Farm and Food Research 4, 80–81.Google Scholar
Steen, R. W. J. (1986). An evaluation of effluent from grass silage as a feed for beef cattle offered silage based diets. Grass and Forage Science 41, 39–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, T. A. (1979). The safe disposal of silage effluent. Agricultural in Northern Ireland 54, 9–12.Google Scholar
Stewart, T. A. & McCullough, I. I. (1974). Silage effluent – quantities produced, composition and disposal. Agriculture in Northern Ireland 48, 368–374.Google Scholar
Watson, S. J. & Nash, M. J. (1960). The Conservation of Grass and Forage Crops. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.Google Scholar
Woolford, M. K. (1978). The problem of silage effluent. Herbage Abstracts 48, 397–403.Google Scholar