Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:24:38.338Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High moisture maize grain for growing pigs: some effects on acceptability, digestibility, nitrogen retention and performance of physical form and tocopherol supplementation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. L. J. Lawrence
T. L. J. Lawrence
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool, Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Field Station, Neston, Wirral, L64 1TE
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

In seven experiments involving a total of 300 Large White pigs, moist maize preserved with propionic acid was compared, at dietary inclusion levels of approximately 85%, in whole (W) or rolled (R) forms with maize taken from the same samples, dried and then ground (DrG). Propionic acid lost in drying was returned to give identical levels in all three forms. In the first two experiments the moist maize contained 37·4% moisture, was included in diets to which no synthetic tocopherol was added and had been in storage for approximately 1 year when drying was effected and experiments on acceptability (using 54 pigs offered diets based on the three forms simultaneously in Expt 1) and digestibility and nitrogen retention (using 12 pigs on two occasions in Expt 2) were started. The moist maize used in Expts 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 contained 45·8% moisture and was dried 2 months after harvesting. Between this time and 12 months post-harvesting experiments were made, with all diets supplemented with 10 g/t δ-α-tocopherol, on digestibility and nitrogen retention (using 18 pigs on two occasions in Expt 3) and performance between approximately 20 and 72 kg live weight (using three sets of 48 ad libitum group-fed pigs per set in Expts 5, 6 and 7). A further performance study (Expt 4) of factorial design and conducted over a similar live-weight range, between 2 and 5 months post-harvesting, investigated, using 72 individually but restrictedly fed pigs, responses from R, W and DrG based diets with or without the addition of 10 g/t δ-α-toeopherol.

Four months post-harvesting the δ-α-tocopherol levels of the moist and dried maize used in Expts 3–7 were 0·5 and 7·2mg/kg D.M. respectively. Five-six months post-harvesting the peroxide values of the other extractable fat of the moist maize markedly increased. In Expt 1 the diet based on the DrG form was eaten to the virtual exclusion of the diets based on the other two forms but performance responses were poor and symptoms (partially confirmed) of a tocopherol deficiency apparent. However, in Expt 4 there were no significant differences in response to the zero and 10 g/t δ-α-tocopherol supplementation. Overall, the DrG and R forms of maize gave similar utilization and growth (up to 8 months post-harvesting) responses. Compared with these responses those from the W form were inferior (in most cases significantly). When the moist cereal in R and W forms was fed after 8 months of storage (Expts 1, 6 and 7) the daily intakes of D.M. and induced growth responses obtained were lower than those obtained from the DrG form.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 86 , Issue 2 , April 1976 , pp. 315 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council (1967). The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock No. 2. Pigs. London: Agricultural Research Council.Google Scholar
Allen, W. M., Berrett, S., Harding, J. D. J. & Patterson, D. S. P. (1970). Plasma levels of muscle enzymes in the Pietrain pig in relation to the acute stress syndrome. Veterinary Record 87, 410–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, W. M., Parr, W. H., Bradley, R., Swannack, K., Barton, C. R. Q. & Tyler, R. (1974). Loss of vitamin E in stored cereals in relation to a myopathy of yearling cattle. Veterinary Record 94, 373–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fevrier, C., Bourdon, D. & Chambolle, M. (1972). Valeur alimentaine du mais humide conserve par l'acide propionique pour la truie et le porcelet, et du mais ensile pour le porc en croissance-finition. Journées de la Recherche Porcine en France (1972), 135–42.Google Scholar
Gaye, A. (1972). Influence du traitment du mais a l'acide propionique sur l'engraissement du proe characutier. Journées de la Recherche Porcine en France (1972), 143–8.Google Scholar
Hill, F. W. & Anderson, D. L. (1958). Comparison of metabolizable and productive energy determinations with growing chicks. Journal of Nutrition 64, 587–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, J. H. G., Bayley, H. S. & Horney, F. D. (1973). Digestion and absorption of dry and high moisture maize diets in the small and large intestine of the pig. British Journal of Nutrition 30, 401–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, G. M., Donefer, E. & Elliot, J. I. (1970). Feeding value for dairy cattle and pigs of high moisture corn preserved with propionic acid. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 50, 483–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1970). Some effects of including differently processed barley in the diet of the growing pig. 1. Growth rate, food conversion efficiency, digestibility and rate of passage through the gut. Animal Production 12, 139–50.Google Scholar
L'Estrange, J. L., Carpenter, K. J., Lea, C. H. & Parr, L. J. (1967). Nutritional effects of autoxidized fats in animal diets. 4. Performance of young pigs on diets containing meat meals of high peroxide value. British Journal of Nutrition 21, 377–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, E., Mortersen, H. P., Larsen, A. E., Laursen, B., Nielsen, K. E., Welling, B. & Jensen, A. (1973). Byg, høstet ved højt vandindhold og tilsat propionsyre, i foderet til slagterisvin. 407. Beretning fra forsøgslaboratoriet (1973). 63 pp.Google Scholar
Pearson, D. (1973). Laboratory Techniques in Food Analysis. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Wastell, M. E., Ewan, R. C., Vorries, W. M. & Speer, V. C. (1972). Vitamin E and Selenium for growing and finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 34, 969–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woolf, N., Hall, L., Thorne, C., Down, M. & Walker, R. (1970). Serum creatine phosphokinase levels in pigs reacting abnormally to halogenated anaesthetics. British Medical Journal 3, 386–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, L. G. (1970). Moisture content and processing of corn for pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 50, 705–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, L. G., Brown, R. G. & Sharp, B. A. (1970). Propionic acid preservation of corn for pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 50, 711–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, L. G., Lun, A. & Forshaw, R. P. (1972). Selenium and α-tocopherol in stored grain. Journal of Animal Science 35, 1112 (Abstract).Google Scholar