X-ray microtomographic study of mineral distribution in enamel of mandibular rat incisors

Abstract

X-ray microtomography was used to study the mineral concentrations in sequential slices of enamel of 5 mandibular incisors which showed an increase from ∼ 1.0 to ∼ 2.7 g cm⁻³ from the apex towards the incisal end. For points at the same distance from the apex, there were differences up to 0.6 g cm⁻³ between the teeth. The change of mean concentrations in the slices with distance could be modelled as (different) saturating exponentials. Under the assumption of a uniform growth rate of a mandibular incisor of 0.6 mm per day and a common time origin for the start of maturation (taken as a mineral concentration of 1 g cm⁻³), the distances were transformed to a common time frame to give a pooled data set. A single saturating exponential could be fitted to this pooled transformed data; this was: C_m = 2.84−1.94exp (−0.18d) where Cm is the mean mineral concentration (g cm⁻³) and d the time (days) from the start of maturation. This gives an asymptotic concentration of 2.84 g cm⁻³ towards the incisal end, with a time constant of 7.7 days. The mineral concentration distribution functions were found to be more positively skewed closer to the apex, but more negatively skewed towards the incisal end. The difference between the higher mineral concentration in the outer enamel and the enamel near the amelodentinal junction (ADJ) was ∼ 3%. The direction of maximum increase in concentration from the outer enamel surface to the ADJ meets the boundary of the ADJ at ∼ 80°. Three dimensional surface rendering of isodensity contours showed that the previously described C-shaped pattern of mineralisation is not solely a surface phenomenon, but extends through the depth of the enamel.