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Palimpsests of the Past: Oral History and the Art of Pointillism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2018

Katherine A. Bowie
Katherine A. Bowie*
Affiliation:
Katherine A. Bowie (kabowie@wisc.edu) is Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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Abstract

The use of oral histories is embedded in the interplay of archival limitations and shifting historiographical questions. This essay begins with a preliminary historiography of oral history usage in Asia, exploring its contrasting usages among scholars of China, Japan, India, and Thailand. However, more than filling in archival gaps, oral histories can challenge broader historiographies. Arrested multiple times, Kruba Srivichai (1878–1939) is northern Thailand's most famous monk. Illustrating a pointillist approach that draws upon hundreds of oral histories and dividing the palimpsest of Srivichai's controversial life into four time periods, this essay shows how oral histories challenge four corresponding paradigms and thereby force a reengagement with the overall narrative of Thai nation-state formation. This essay argues for the importance of oral history, not merely in “filling in gaps” in archival sources, but in challenging hegemonic historiographical paradigms.

Keywords

historiographynation-state formationoral historypointillismSrivichaiThailandTheravada Buddhism
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 77 , Issue 4 , November 2018 , pp. 855 - 877
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2018 

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References

List of References

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Cohen, Paul T., ed. 2017. Charismatic Monks of Lanna Buddhism. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
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Das, Veena. 2007. Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
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Keyes, Charles F. 1971. “Buddhism and National Integration in Thailand.” Journal of Asian Studies 30(3):551–67.Google Scholar
Kwong, Luke S. K. 1992. “Oral History in China: A Preliminary Review.” Oral History Review 20(1/2):23–50.Google Scholar
Lanzona, Vina. 2009. Amazons of the Huk Rebellion: Gender, Sex, and Revolution in the Philippines. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Mai Na. 2015. Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850–1960. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Lim, Irene. 1992. “News From Abroad: Asia.” Oral History 20(2):14–15.Google Scholar
Lim Pui Huen, Patricia, Morrison, James H., and Guan, Kwa Chong, eds. 1998. Oral History in Southeast Asia: Theory and Method. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Loh, Kah Seng, Koh, Ernest, and Dobbs, Stephen, eds. 2013. Oral History in Southeast Asia: Memories and Fragments. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Tse-tung, Mao. [1958] 1967. “Introducing a Co-operative.” April 15. In Selected Readings from the Works of Mao Tse-tung, 403–4. Peking: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar
Menon, Ritu, and Bhasin, Kamala. 1998. Borders and Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. New Delhi: Kali for Women.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Jan. 1965. Report from a Chinese Village. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
National Archives of Singapore. 2017. “Our Roles.” http://www.nas.gov.sg/About-Us/Our-Roles (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1946. The Discovery of India. New York: John Day.Google Scholar
Oral History Association. n.d. “Regional and International Organizations.” http://www.oralhistory.org/regional-and-international-organizations/ (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Oral History Association of India. n.d. https://ohaindia.wordpress.com/ (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Perks, Robert, and Thomson, Alistair, eds. 2016. The Oral History Reader. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
na Pathalung, Pranii Sirithorn. [1964] 1995 ([2507] 2538). Phet Laannaa [Diamonds of Lanna]. Chiang Mai: Borisat Northern Printing.Google Scholar
Ranke, Leopold von. [1956] 1972. “The Ideal of Universal History.” In The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present, ed. Stern, Fritz, 54–62. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Ritchie, Donald, ed. 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Oral History. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roosa, John. 2013. “Who Knows? Oral History Methods in the Study of the Massacres of 1965–66 in Indonesia.” Oral History Forum/d'Histoire Orale 33:1–28.Google Scholar
Rujaya Abhakorn, M. R. 1999. “The Making of Oral History in Thailand.” Conference Proceedings. 65th IFLA Council and General Conference. Bangkok, Thailand, August 20–August 28. http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/140-146e.htm (accessed July 21, 2018).Google Scholar
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Sharp, Lauriston, and Hanks, Lucien M.. 1978. Bang Chan: Social History of a Rural Community in Thailand. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Snow, Edgar. 1937. Red Star over China. London: V. Gollancz.Google Scholar
Starr, Louis. [1984] 1996. “Oral History.” In Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, eds. Dunaway, David K. and Baum, Willa K., 39–61. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Stave, Bruce M. 1985. “The Chinese Puzzle: In Search of Oral History in the People's Republic of China.” International Journal of Oral History 6(3):147–62.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann, with Strassler, Karen. 2016. “Memory Work in Java: A Cautionary Tale.” In The Oral History Reader, eds. Perks, Robert and Thomson, Alistair, 370–95. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Soonthornpasuch, Suthep. 1977. “Islamic Identity in Chiengmai City: A Historical and Structural Comparison of Two Communities.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tambiah, Stanley. 1976. World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
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Terkel, Studs. 1967. Division Street, America. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Thompson, Paul. 1978. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Virginia. [1941] 1967. Thailand: The New Siam. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Winichakul, Thongchai. 1995. “The Changing Landscape of the Past: New Histories in Thailand since 1973.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26(1):99–120.Google Scholar
Thucydides. n.d. The Peloponnesian War. Greek Texts & Translations, http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&getid=1&query=Thuc.%201.22.1 (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Tomida, Hiroko, and Snell, Keith D. M.. 1996. “Japanese Oral History and Women's Historiography.” Oral History 24(1):88–95.Google Scholar
Sindhuprama, Vachara. 1988. “Modern Education and Socio-Cultural Change in Northern Thailand, 1898–1942.” PhD diss., University of Hawai‘i.Google Scholar
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Liwen, Yang. 1999. “Oral History in China: Contemporary Topics and New Hurdles.” Oral History Review 26(2):137–46.Google Scholar
Santasombat, Yos. 1985. “Power and Personality: An Anthropological Study of the Thai Political Elites.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Zuo, Yuhe. 2015. “Oral History Studies in Contemporary China.” Journal of Modern Chinese History 9(2):259–74.Google Scholar
Bangkok Times Weekly Mail. 1920a. June 7.Google Scholar
Bangkok Times Weekly Mail. 1920b. July 28.Google Scholar
Bangkok Times Weekly Mail. 1936. May 4.Google Scholar
Bongkasaphongamphai, Phuusinsachai and Phonchaiarun, Phuthinantha, compilers. 2015 [2558]. Khruubaa Chao Srivichai: Nakbunhaeng Laannaa Khruubaa Siinthaam. 80th anniversary ed. Chiang Mai: Wat Srisoda.Google Scholar
Pii, Kruba Khao. 1951 [2494]. Ong Satsana Song Hong [Two Schools of Religion]. Chiang Mai Library.Google Scholar
Taylor, Hugh. n.d. Missionary autobiography. Phayab College Archives. Chiang Mai, Thailand.Google Scholar
Anuman Rajadhon, Phya. 1961. Life and Ritual in Old Siam: Three Studies of Thai Life and Customs. Trans. and ed. Gedney, William J.. New Haven, Conn.: HRAF Press.Google Scholar
Anuman Rajadhon, Phya. 1988. Essays on Thai Folklore. Bangkok: Thai Inter-Religious Commission for Development and Sathirakoses Nagapradipa Foundation.Google Scholar
Bock, Carl. [1884] 1986. Temples and Elephants: Travels in Siam in 1881–1882. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 1988. “Peasant Perspectives on the Political Economy of the Northern Thai Kingdom of Chiang Mai in the Nineteenth Century: Implications for the Understanding of Peasant Political Expression.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 1992. “Unraveling the Myth of the Subsistence Economy: Textile Production in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand.” Journal of Asian Studies 51(4):797–823.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 1996. “Slavery in Nineteenth Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices.” In State Power and Culture in Thailand, ed. Durrenberger, E. Paul, 100–138. Yale University Southeast Asia Monograph 44. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 1998. “The Alchemy of Charity: Of Class and Buddhism in Northern Thailand.” American Anthropologist 100(2):469–81.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 2006. “Of Corvee and Slavery: Historical Intricacies of the Division of Labor and State Power in Northern Thailand.” In Labor in Cross-Cultural Perspective, eds. Durrenberger, E. Paul and Marti, Judith E., 245–64. Society of Economic Anthropology Monograph Series 22. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 2014a. “Of Buddhism and Militarism in Northern Thailand: Solving the Puzzle of the Saint Khruubaa Srivichai.” Journal of Asian Studies 73(3):711–32.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 2014b. “The Saint with Indra's Sword: Khruubaa Srivichai and Buddhist Millenarianism in Northern Thailand.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56(3):681–713.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 2017a. “Khruba Siwichai: The Charismatic Saint and the Northern Sangha.” In Charismatic Monks of Lanna Buddhism, ed. Cohen, Paul T., 27–57. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Bowie, Katherine A. 2017b. Of Beggars and Buddhas: The Politics of Humor in the Vessantara Jataka in Thailand. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Bowring, Sir John. [1857] 1969. The Kingdom and People of Siam. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Butalia, Urvashi. 2000. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Nartsupha, Chatthip. 1984. “The Ideology of ‘Holy Men’ Revolts in North East Thailand.” In History and Peasant Consciousness in South East Asia, eds. Turton, Andrew and Shigeharu, Tanabe, 111–34. Senri Ethnological Studies 13. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.Google Scholar
Nartsupha, Chatthip. [1984] 1999. The Thai Village Economy in the Past. Translated by Baker, Chris and Phongpaichit, Pasuk. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.Google Scholar
Cohen, Paul T., ed. 2017. Charismatic Monks of Lanna Buddhism. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard. 1990. An Anthropologist among the Historians and Other Essays. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Das, Veena. 2007. Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dunaway, David K., and Baum, Willa K., eds. [1984] 1996. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Flood, Thadeus. 1975. “The Thai Left Wing in Historical Context.” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (April–June):55–67.Google Scholar
Fogarty, James. 1983. “Filling the Gap: Oral History in the Archives.” American Archivist 46(2):148–57.Google Scholar
Foronda, Marcelino A. Jr. 1981. “Oral History in the Philippines: Trends and Prospects.” International Journal of Oral History 2(1):13–25.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1980. Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Grele, Ronald J. [1984] 1996. “Directions for Oral History in the United States.” In Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, eds. Dunaway, David K. and Baum, Willa K., 62–84. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Guha, Ranajit. 2009. The Small Voice of History: Collected Essays. Ranikhet, India: Permanent Black.Google Scholar
Hershatter, Gail. 2011. The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China's Collective Past. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hones, Sheila. 1992. “News from Abroad: Asia.” Oral History 20(2):15–16.Google Scholar
Ingram, James C. 1971. Economic Change in Thailand, 1850–1970. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
International Oral History Association. n.d. https://www.ioha.org/ (accessed July 22. 2018).Google Scholar
Japan Oral History Association. 2003. “JOHA.” http://joha.jp/category/about (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Kendall, Laurel. 1988. The Life and Hard Times of a Korean Shaman: Of Tales and the Telling of Tales. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Keyes, Charles F. 1971. “Buddhism and National Integration in Thailand.” Journal of Asian Studies 30(3):551–67.Google Scholar
Kwong, Luke S. K. 1992. “Oral History in China: A Preliminary Review.” Oral History Review 20(1/2):23–50.Google Scholar
Lanzona, Vina. 2009. Amazons of the Huk Rebellion: Gender, Sex, and Revolution in the Philippines. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Mai Na. 2015. Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850–1960. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Lim, Irene. 1992. “News From Abroad: Asia.” Oral History 20(2):14–15.Google Scholar
Lim Pui Huen, Patricia, Morrison, James H., and Guan, Kwa Chong, eds. 1998. Oral History in Southeast Asia: Theory and Method. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Loh, Kah Seng, Koh, Ernest, and Dobbs, Stephen, eds. 2013. Oral History in Southeast Asia: Memories and Fragments. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Tse-tung, Mao. [1958] 1967. “Introducing a Co-operative.” April 15. In Selected Readings from the Works of Mao Tse-tung, 403–4. Peking: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar
Menon, Ritu, and Bhasin, Kamala. 1998. Borders and Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. New Delhi: Kali for Women.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Jan. 1965. Report from a Chinese Village. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
National Archives of Singapore. 2017. “Our Roles.” http://www.nas.gov.sg/About-Us/Our-Roles (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1946. The Discovery of India. New York: John Day.Google Scholar
Oral History Association. n.d. “Regional and International Organizations.” http://www.oralhistory.org/regional-and-international-organizations/ (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Oral History Association of India. n.d. https://ohaindia.wordpress.com/ (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Perks, Robert, and Thomson, Alistair, eds. 2016. The Oral History Reader. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
na Pathalung, Pranii Sirithorn. [1964] 1995 ([2507] 2538). Phet Laannaa [Diamonds of Lanna]. Chiang Mai: Borisat Northern Printing.Google Scholar
Ranke, Leopold von. [1956] 1972. “The Ideal of Universal History.” In The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present, ed. Stern, Fritz, 54–62. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Ritchie, Donald, ed. 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Oral History. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roosa, John. 2013. “Who Knows? Oral History Methods in the Study of the Massacres of 1965–66 in Indonesia.” Oral History Forum/d'Histoire Orale 33:1–28.Google Scholar
Rujaya Abhakorn, M. R. 1999. “The Making of Oral History in Thailand.” Conference Proceedings. 65th IFLA Council and General Conference. Bangkok, Thailand, August 20–August 28. http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/140-146e.htm (accessed July 21, 2018).Google Scholar
Saikia, Yasmin. 2011. Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Sharp, Lauriston, and Hanks, Lucien M.. 1978. Bang Chan: Social History of a Rural Community in Thailand. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Snow, Edgar. 1937. Red Star over China. London: V. Gollancz.Google Scholar
Starr, Louis. [1984] 1996. “Oral History.” In Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, eds. Dunaway, David K. and Baum, Willa K., 39–61. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Stave, Bruce M. 1985. “The Chinese Puzzle: In Search of Oral History in the People's Republic of China.” International Journal of Oral History 6(3):147–62.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann, with Strassler, Karen. 2016. “Memory Work in Java: A Cautionary Tale.” In The Oral History Reader, eds. Perks, Robert and Thomson, Alistair, 370–95. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Soonthornpasuch, Suthep. 1977. “Islamic Identity in Chiengmai City: A Historical and Structural Comparison of Two Communities.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tambiah, Stanley. 1976. World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tanabe, Shigeharu. 1984. “Ideological Practice in Peasant Rebellions: Siam at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” In History and Peasant Consciousness in South East Asia, eds. Turton, Andrew and Shigeharu, Tanabe, 75–110. Senri Ethnological Studies 13. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.Google Scholar
Terkel, Studs. 1967. Division Street, America. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Thompson, Paul. 1978. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Virginia. [1941] 1967. Thailand: The New Siam. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Winichakul, Thongchai. 1995. “The Changing Landscape of the Past: New Histories in Thailand since 1973.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26(1):99–120.Google Scholar
Thucydides. n.d. The Peloponnesian War. Greek Texts & Translations, http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&getid=1&query=Thuc.%201.22.1 (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Tomida, Hiroko, and Snell, Keith D. M.. 1996. “Japanese Oral History and Women's Historiography.” Oral History 24(1):88–95.Google Scholar
Sindhuprama, Vachara. 1988. “Modern Education and Socio-Cultural Change in Northern Thailand, 1898–1942.” PhD diss., University of Hawai‘i.Google Scholar
Virdee, Pippa. 2013. “Remembering Partition: Women, Oral Histories and the Partition of 1947.” Oral History 41(2):49–62.Google Scholar
Wikimedia Commons contributors. 2016. “File:Liang qichao.jpg.” Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Liang_qichao.jpg&oldid=186629537 (accessed August 17, 2018).Google Scholar
Wikipedia contributors. 2018. “International Oral History Association.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Oral_History_Association (accessed July 22, 2018).Google Scholar
Woods, William Alfred Rae. 1935. Land of Smiles. Bangkok: Krungdebarnagar Press.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, Eriko. 2000. “Possibilities of Oral History in Japan: Its Present and Future.” Japanese Institutional Repositories Online, http://jairo.nii.ac.jp/0198/00001144/en (accessed July 21, 2018).Google Scholar
Liwen, Yang. 1999. “Oral History in China: Contemporary Topics and New Hurdles.” Oral History Review 26(2):137–46.Google Scholar
Santasombat, Yos. 1985. “Power and Personality: An Anthropological Study of the Thai Political Elites.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Zuo, Yuhe. 2015. “Oral History Studies in Contemporary China.” Journal of Modern Chinese History 9(2):259–74.Google Scholar