Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b6zl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T00:19:13.045Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Placing Asia in the Anthropocene: Histories, Vulnerabilities, Responses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2014

Mark J. Hudson
Get access

Extract

In the nineteenth century, the Mekong, Red, and Chao Phraya river deltas in Southeast Asia underwent a massive expansion in agricultural settlement and engineering (Dao and Molle 2000). Contending with crocodiles and herds of wild elephants in addition to more prosaic insect and bird pests (Terwiel 1989), settlers struggled successfully to make these deltas highly productive centers of rice and other agriculture. Such struggles, which were until very recently confidently labeled as “Man's Conquest of Nature,” used to be seen as representing Progress with a capital P. Historically, few men or women had doubts about the real struggle involved in making a living from Nature. In a lecture given in 1877, William Morris explained that “the race of man must either labour or perish. Nature does not give us our livelihood gratis; we must win it by toil of some sort or degree” (W. Morris 2008, 1). Human evolution could thus be summarized as a story in which “Man struggled with nature, and he is conquering it gradually through his intelligence, inventiveness, and skill” (Sigerist 1936, 597). Progress was the process by which Man Makes Himself, to cite the title of Gordon Childe's influential 1936 book on archaeology. By the nineteenth century, the problem for socialists such as Morris was that “the fruits of our victory over Nature [have] been stolen from us” (W. Morris 2008, 10); the basic necessity of “conquering” Nature was not disputed.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , November 2014 , pp. 941 - 962
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Aikens, C. Melvin, and Lee, Gyoung-Ah. 2013. “Postglacial Inception and Growth of Anthropogenic Landscapes in China, Korea, Japan, and the Russian Far East.” Anthropocene 4:46–56.Google Scholar
Alcorn, Janis B., Bamba, John, Masiun, Stefanus, Natalia, Ita, and Royo, Antoinette G.. 2003. “Keeping Ecological Resilience Afloat in Cross-Scale Turbulence: An Indigenous Social Movement Navigates Change in Indonesia.” In Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, eds. Berkes, Fikret, Colding, Johan, and Folke, Carl, 299–327. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Austin, Gareth, and Sugihara, Kaoru. 2013. Labour-Intensive Industrialization in Global History. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bai, Xuemei, Shi, Peijun, and Liu, Yansui. 2014. “Realizing China's Urban Dream.” Nature 509(7499):158–60.Google Scholar
Bellwood, Peter. 2004. First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Berkes, Fikret. 2007. “Understanding Uncertainty and Reducing Vulnerability: Lessons from Resilience Thinking.” Natural Hazards 41(2):283–95.Google Scholar
Berkes, Fikret. 2008. Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. 2nd ed.New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkes, Fikret, and Folke, Carl, eds. 1998. Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms and for Building Resilience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bleed, Peter, and Matsui, Akira. 2010. “Why Didn't Agriculture Develop in Japan? A Consideration of Jomon Ecological Style, Niche Construction, and the Origins of Domestication.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 17(4):356–70.Google Scholar
Braje, Todd J., and Erlandson, Jon M.. 2013. “Human Acceleration of Animal and Plant Extinctions: A Late Pleistocene, Holocene and Anthropocene Continuum.” Anthropocene 4:14–23.Google Scholar
Brookfield, Harold C. 1984. “Intensification Revisited.” Pacific Viewpoint 25(1):15–44.Google Scholar
Bruun, Ole, and Kalland, Arne, eds. 1995. Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Buell, Lawrence. 1995. The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Callicott, J. Baird, and Ames, Roger T., eds. 1989. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Center for 21st Century Studies. 2014. “Anthropocene Feminism.” http://c21uwm.com/anthropocene/ (accessed August 21, 2014).Google Scholar
Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2009. “The Climate of History: Four Theses.” Critical Inquiry 35(2):197–222.Google Scholar
Chalecki, Elizabeth. 2013. Environmental Security: A Guide to the Issues. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger.Google Scholar
Chapin, F. Stuart III, Kofinas, Gary P., and Folke, Carl, eds. 2009. Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship: Resilience-Based Natural Resource Management in a Changing World. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Chapin, F. Stuart III, Pickett, Steward T. A., Power, Mary E., Jackson, Robert B., Carter, David M., and Duke, Clifford. 2011. “Earth Stewardship: A Strategy for Social–Ecological Transformation to Reverse Planetary Degradation.” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 1(1):44–53.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, K. N. 1990. Asia before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chertow, Marian R. 2001. “The IPAT Equation and Its Variants: Changing Views of Technology and Environmental Impact.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 4(4):13–29.Google Scholar
Chew, Sing C. 2001. World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation 3000 BC – AD 2000. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira.Google Scholar
Childe, V. Gordon. 1936. Man Makes Himself. London: Watts & Co.Google Scholar
Corlett, Richard T. 2013. “Becoming Europe: Southeast Asia in the Anthropocene.” Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 1. doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000016.Google Scholar
Crosby, Alfred W. 2004. Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900. 2nd ed.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crutzen, Paul J. 2002. “Geology of Mankind.” Nature 415(6867):23.Google Scholar
Dao Thê Tuân and François Molle. 2000. “The Chao Phraya Delta in Perspective: A Comparison with the Red River and Mekong Deltas, Vietnam.” In Proceedings of the International Conference “The Chao Phraya Delta: Historical Development, Dynamics and Challenges of Thailand's Rice Bowl.” http://std.cpc.ku.ac.th/delta/conf/Acrobat/Papers_Eng/Volume%202/DaoTheTuan.pdf (accessed August 7, 2014).Google Scholar
Diamond, Jared. 2005. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Dibley, Ben. 2012. “‘The Shape of Things to Come’: Seven Theses on the Anthropocene and Attachment.” Australian Humanities Review 52:139–58.Google Scholar
Edgeworth, Matt. 2014. “Introduction. Forum on ‘Archaeology of the Anthropocene.’” Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 1:73–77.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Paul R. 1968. The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Paul R., Harte, John, Harwell, Mark A., Raven, Peter H., Sagan, Carl, Woodwell, George M., Berry, Joseph et al. 1983. “Long-term Biological Consequences of Nuclear War.” Science 222(4630):1293–1300.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Paul R., and Ehrlich, Anne H.. 2008. The Dominant Animal: Human Evolution and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Paul R., and Ehrlich, Anne H.. 2013. “Can a Collapse of Global Civilization Be Avoided?” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280(1574): 20122845.Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark. 1973. The Pattern of the Chinese Past: A Social and Economic Interpretation. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark. 2004. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Ericson, Steven J. 2014. “The ‘Matsukata Deflation’ Reconsidered: Financial Stabilization and Japanese Exports in a Global Depression, 1881–85.” Journal of Japanese Studies 40(1):1–28.Google Scholar
Erickson, Clark L. 2008. “Amazonia: The Historical Ecology of a Domesticated Landscape.” In Handbook of South American Archaeology, eds. Silverman, Helaine and Isbell, William H., 157–83. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Fazzino, David. 2004. “The Meaning and Relevance of Food Security in the Context of Current Globalization Trends.” Journal of Land Use 19(2):435–50.Google Scholar
Fischer, Shannon. 2012. “What Lives in Your Belly Button? Study Finds ‘Rain Forest’ of Species.” National Geographic Daily News, November 13, 2012. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/121114-belly-button-bacteria-science-health-dunn/ (accessed November 28, 2012).Google Scholar
Flenley, John, and Yasuda, Yoshinori. 2008. “Environmental Variability and Human Adaptation in the Pacific Rim and the Sustainability of Islands.” Quaternary International 184(1):1–3.Google Scholar
Foley, Stephen F., Gronenborn, Detlef, Andreae, Meinrat O., Kadereit, Joachim W., Esper, Jan, Scholz, Denis, Pöschl, Ulrich et al. 2013. “The Palaeoanthropocene—The Beginnings of Anthropogenic Environmental Change.” Anthropocene 3:83–88.Google Scholar
Folke, Carl, Colding, Johan, and Berkes, Fikret. 2003. “Synthesis: Building Resilience and Adaptive Capacity in Social-Ecological Systems.” In Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, eds. Berkes, Fikret, Colding, Johan, and Folke, Carl, 352–87. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fuller, Dorian Q., Van Etten, Jacob, Manning, Katie, Castillo, Cristina, Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor, Weisskopf, Alison, Qin, Ling, Sato, Yo-Ichiro, and Hijmans, Robert J.. 2011. “The Contribution of Rice Agriculture and Livestock Pastoralism to Prehistoric Methane Levels: An Archaeological Assessment.” Holocene 21(5):743–59.Google Scholar
Gewin, Virginia. 2013. “Tsunami Triggers Invasion Concerns.” Nature 495(7439):13–14.Google Scholar
Godwin, William. 1820. Of Population: An Enquiry Concerning the Power of Increase in the Numbers of Mankind. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown.Google Scholar
Goudie, Andrew. 2006. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment: Past, Present, and Future. 6th ed.Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gray, Timothy. 2006. Gary Snyder and the Pacific Rim: Creating Counter-Cultural Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.Google Scholar
Hargrove, Eugene C. 1989. “Foreword.” In Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, eds. Callicott, J. Baird and Ames, Roger T., xiii–xxi. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Harkin, Michael E., and Lewis, David R.. 2007. “Introduction.” In Native Americans and the Environment: Perspectives on the Ecological Indian, eds. Harkin, Michael E. and Lewis, David R., ix–xxxiv. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Heise, Ursula K. 2008. Sense of Place, Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heise, Ursula K., and Carruth, Allison. 2010. “Introduction to Focus: Environmental Humanities.” American Book Review 32(1)3.Google Scholar
Huddle, Norie, and Reich, Michael. 1975. Island of Dreams: Environmental Crisis in Japan. New York: Autumn Press.Google Scholar
Hudson, Mark J. 2004. “The Perverse Realities of Change: World System Incorporation and the Okhotsk Culture of Hokkaido.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23(3):290–308.Google Scholar
Hudson, Mark J. 2013. “Navigating Disciplinary Challenges to Global Sustainability Science: An Archaeological Model.” Documenta Praehistorica 40:219–26.Google Scholar
Hudson, Mark J. 2014. “Dark Artifacts: Hyperobjects and the Archaeology of the Anthropocene. Forum on ‘Archaeology of the Anthropocene.’” Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 1:82–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, Mark J., Aoyama, Mami, Hoover, Kara C., and Uchiyama, Junzō. 2012. “Prospects and Challenges for an Archaeology of Global Climate Change.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews—Climate Change 3(4):267–74.Google Scholar
Ireland, Corydon. 2013. “Big Problems, Small Solutions.” Harvard Gazette, September 18. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/09/big-problems-small-solutions/ (accessed September 1, 2014).Google Scholar
Kada, Yukiko, Tanaka, Shigeru, Aoyagi-Usui, Midori, Arakaki, Tazusa, Watanabe, Shinichi, and Hoffman, Steven. 2006. “From Kogai to Kankyo Mondai: Nature, Development, and Social Conflict in Japan.” In Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments, ed. Bauer, Joanne, 109–82. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Kaiman, Jonathan. 2014. “China's Toxic Air Pollution Resembles Nuclear Winter, Say Scientists.” Guardian, February 25. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/china-toxic-air-pollution-nuclear-winter-scientists (accessed August 21, 2014).Google Scholar
Kelly, William J., and Jacobs, Chip. Forthcoming. The People's Republic of Chemicals. Los Angeles: Rare Bird Books.Google Scholar
King, F. H. 1911. Farmers of Forty Centuries. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press.Google Scholar
Klare, Michael T. 2012. The Race for What's Left: The Global Scramble for the World's Last Resources. New York: Metropolitan Books.Google Scholar
Krupnik, Igor. 1993. Arctic Adaptations: Native Whalers and Reindeer Herders of Northern Eurasia. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England.Google Scholar
Krupnik, Igor, and Jolly, D., eds. 2002. The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change. Fairbanks, Alaska: Arctic Research Consortium of the United States.Google Scholar
Lansing, J. Stephen. 2006. Perfect Order: Recognizing Complexity in Bali. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Larson, Christina. 2014. “China Gets Serious about Its Pollutant-Laden Soil.” Science 343(6178):1415–16.Google Scholar
Lightfoot, Kent G., Panich, Lee M., Schneider, Tsim D, and Gonzalez, Sara L.. 2013. “European Colonialism and the Anthropocene: A View from the Pacific Coast of North America.” Anthropocene 4:101–15.Google Scholar
Lin, Jintai, Pan, Da, Davis, Steven J., Zhang, Qiang, He, Kebin, Wang, Can, Streets, David G., Wuebbles, Donald J., and Guan, Dabo. 2014. “China's International Trade and Air Pollution in the United States.” PNAS 111(5):1736–41.Google Scholar
Madigan, Daniel J., Baumann, Zofia, and Fisher, Nicholas S.. 2012. “Pacific Bluefin Tuna Transport Fukushima-derived Radionuclides from Japan to California.” PNAS 109(24):9483–86.Google Scholar
Mann, Charles C. 2011. 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Marsh, George P. 1864. Man and Nature; or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. New York: Charles Scribner.Google Scholar
Martinez, Dolores. 2005. “On the ‘Nature’ of Japanese Culture, or, Is There a Japanese Sense of Nature?” In A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan, ed. Robertson, Jennifer, 185–200. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Roderick J., Tainter, Joseph A., and McIntosh, Susan Keech, eds. 2000. The Way the Wind Blows: Climate, History, and Human Action. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
McKibben, Bill. 1989. The End of Nature. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
McMichael, Anthony J. 2014. “Population Health in the Anthropocene: Gains, Losses and Emerging Trends.” Anthropocene Review 1(1):44–56.Google Scholar
McNeely, Jeffrey A., and Sochaczewski, Paul S.. 1995. Soul of the Tiger: Searching for Nature's Answers in Exotic Southeast Asia. 2nd ed.Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Ian Jared, Thomas, Julia Adeney, and Walker, Brett L., eds. 2013. Japan at Nature's Edge: The Environmental Context of a Global Power. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Logan, Brook, Ed, Lee, James E., Buizert, Christo, and Sowers, Todd. 2013. “Constraints on the Late Holocene Anthropogenic Contribution to the Atmospheric Methane Budget.” Science 342(6161):964–66.Google Scholar
Morris, Ian. 2010. Why the West Rules—For Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future. New York: Picador.Google Scholar
Morris, William. 2008. Useful Work v. Useless Toil. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Morton, Timothy. 2010. “Queer Ecology.” PMLA 125(2):273–82.Google Scholar
Morton, Timothy. 2013. Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Nash, Linda. 2006. Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Nisbet, Matthew C., Hixon, Mark A., Moore, Kathleen D., and Nelson, Michael. 2010. “Four Cultures: New Synergies for Engaging Society on Climate Change.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:329–31.Google Scholar
Nishida, Masaki. 1986. Teijū kakumei: Yūdō to teijū no jinruishi [The sedentary revolution: A human history of nomadism and sedentism]. Tokyo: Shin'yōsha.Google Scholar
Norton, Christopher J., Kondo, Youichi, Ono, Akira, Zhang, Yingqi, and Diab, Mark C.. 2010. “The Nature of Megafaunal Extinctions During the MIS 3-2 Transition in Japan.” Quaternary International 211:113–22.Google Scholar
Nuttall, Mark. 1998. Protecting the Arctic: Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Survival. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Oguma, Eiji. 2002. A Genealogy of ‘Japanese’ Self-Images. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.Google Scholar
Palsson, Gisli, Szerszynski, Bronislaw, Sörlin, Sverker, Marks, John, Avril, Bernard, Crumley, Carole, Hackmann, Heide et al. 2013. “Reconceptualizing the ‘Anthropos’ in the Anthropocene: Integrating the Social Sciences and Humanities in Global Environmental Change Research.” Environmental Science and Policy 28:3–13.Google Scholar
Pauly, Daniel, Belhabib, Dyhia, Blomeyer, Roland, Cheung, William W. W. L., Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M., Copeland, Duncan, Harper, Sarah et al. 2014. “China's Distant-Water Fisheries in the 21st Century.” Fish and Fisheries 15(3):474–88.Google Scholar
Pelzer, Karl J. 1968. “Man's Role in Changing the Landscape of Southeast Asia.” Journal of Asian Studies 27(2):269–79.Google Scholar
Pomeranz, Kenneth. 2010. “Calamities Without Collapse: Environment, Economy, and Society in China, ca. 1800–1949.” In Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability, and the Aftermath of Empire, eds. McAnany, Patricia A. and Yoffee, Norman, 71–110. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pongratz, Julia, Caldeira, Ken, Reick, Christian H., and Claussen, Martin. 2011. “Coupled Climate-Carbon Simulations Indicate Minor Global Effects of Wars and Epidemics on Atmospheric CO2 Between AD 800 and 1850.” Holocene 21(5):843–51.Google Scholar
Richards, John F. 2003. The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Patrick, Delson, Eric, Miracle, Preston, Dichfield, Peter, Roberts, Richard G., Jacobs, Zenobia, Blinkhorn, James et al. 2014. “Continuity of Mammalian Fauna over the Last 200,000y in the Indian Subcontinent.” PNAS 111(16):5848–53.Google Scholar
Robinson, Kim Stanley. 2004. Forty Signs of Rain. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar
Robinson, Kim Stanley. 2005. Fifty Degrees Below. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar
Robinson, Kim Stanley. 2007. Sixty Days and Counting. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar
Rockström, Johan, Steffen, Will, Noone, Kevin, Persson, Åsa, Chapin III, F. Stuart, Lambin, Eric F., Lenton, Timothy M. et al. 2009. “A Safe Operating Space for Humanity.” Nature 461(7263):472–75.Google Scholar
Roosevelt, Anna C. 2013. “The Amazon and the Anthropocene: 13,000 Years of Human Influence in a Tropical Rainforest.” Anthropocene 4:69–87.Google Scholar
Rowan, Rory. 2014. “Bodies Politic/Bodies Geologic: Difference, Universality and the Subject of the Anthropocene.” Abstract of paper presented at the conference “Anthropocene Feminism,” Center for 21st Century Studies, University of Wisconsin. http://c21uwm.com/anthropocene/abstracts (accessed August 18, 2014).Google Scholar
Ruddiman, William F. 2005. Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rulli, Maria Cristina, Saviori, Antonio, and D'Odorico, Paolo. 2013. “Global Land and Water Grabbing.” PNAS 110(3):892–97.Google Scholar
Samways, M. J. 1999. “Translocating Fauna to Foreign Lands: Here Comes the Homogenocene.” Journal of Insect Conservation 3(2):65–66.Google Scholar
Sayre, Nathan F. 2008. “The Genesis, History, and Limits of Carrying Capacity.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 98(1):120–34.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Scripps CO2 Program. 2014. “Atmospheric CO2.” http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2.html (accessed August 22, 2014).Google Scholar
Shiva, Vandana. 1991. Ecology and the Politics of Survival: Conflicts over Natural Resources in India. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Sigerist, Henry E. 1936. “The Wesley M. Carpenter Lecture: Historical Background of Industrial and Occupational Diseases.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 12(11):597–609.Google Scholar
Snyder, Gary. 1999. The Gary Snyder Reader: Prose, Poetry, and Translations. Berkeley, Calif.: Counterpoint.Google Scholar
Sponsel, Leslie E. 1998. “The Historical Ecology of Thailand: Increasing Thresholds of Human Environmental Impact from Prehistory to the Present.” In Advances in Historical Ecology, ed. Balée, William, 376–404. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Steffen, Will, Crutzen, Paul J., and McNeill, John R.. 2007. “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature?” Ambio 36(8):614–21.Google Scholar
Steffen, Will, Grinevald, Jacques, Crutzen, Paul, and McNeill, John. 2011. “The Anthropocene: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 369(1938):842–67.Google Scholar
Szanton, David. 2004. “Introduction: The Origin, Nature, and Challenges of Area Studies in the United States.” In The Politics of Knowledge: Area Studies and the Disciplines, ed. Szanton, David, 1–33. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Terwiel, Barend Jan. 1989. Through Travellers' Eyes: An Approach to Early Nineteenth-Century Thai History. Bangkok: Duang Kamol.Google Scholar
Thomas, Keith. 1983. Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500–1800. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Thompson, William I. 1989. “Pacific Shift.” In Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, eds. Callicott, J. Baird and Ames, Roger T., 25–36. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Thornber, Karen Laura. 2012. Ecoambiguity: Environmental Crises and East Asian Literatures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Tyedmers, Peter H., Watson, Reg, and Pauly, Daniel. 2005. “Fueling Global Fishing Fleets.” Ambio 34(8):635–38.Google Scholar
Wackernagel, Mathis, and Rees, William E.. 1996. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Walker, Brett L. 2009. Toxic Archipelago: A History of Industrial Disease in Japan. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Walker, Brian, and Salt, David. 2006. Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Watts, Jonathan. 2010. When a Billion Chinese Jump: How China Will Save Mankind—Or Destroy It. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Welzer, Harald. 2012. Climate Wars: Why People Will Be Killed in the 21st Century. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press.Google Scholar
White, Lynn. 1967. “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis.” Science 155(3767):1203–7.Google Scholar
Williams, Terry Tempest. 2004. The Open Space of Democracy. Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock.Google Scholar
Xu, Jianchu, and Melick, David R.. 2007. “Rethinking the Effectiveness of Public Protected Areas in Southwestern China.” Conservation Biology 21(2):318–28.Google Scholar
Yasuda, Yoshinori. 2001. “Forest and Civilizations.” In Forest and Civilizations, ed. Yasuda, Yoshinori, 171–92. New Delhi: Roli Books.Google Scholar
Yasuda, Yoshinori. 2002. Nihon yo, mori no kankyō kokka tare [Japan should be an environmental state of the forest]. Tokyo: Chūō Kōron Shinsha.Google Scholar
Yeh, Emily T. 2013. “Blazing Pelts and Burnings Passions: Nationalism, Cultural Politics, and Spectacular Decommodification in Tibet.” Journal of Asian Studies 72(2):319–44.Google Scholar
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Williams, Mark, Smith, Alan, Barry, Tiffany L., Coe, Angela L., Bown, Paul R., Brenchley, Patrick et al. 2008. “Are We Now Living in the Anthropocene?” GSA Today 18(2):4–8.Google Scholar
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Williams, Mark, Steffen, Will, and Crutzen, Paul. 2010. “The New World of the Anthropocene.” Environmental Science and Technology 44(7):2228–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Williams, Mark, Fortey, Richard, Smith, Alan, Barry, Tiffany L., Coe, Angela L., Bown, Paul R. et al. 2011. “Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 369(1938):1036–55.Google Scholar
Zvelebil, Marek. 2008. “Innovating Hunter-Gatherers: The Mesolithic in the Baltic.” In Mesolithic Europe, eds. Bailey, Geoff and Spikins, Penny, 18–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar