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The impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters on body fat level in early childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2021

Łukasz Kryst Open the ORCID record for Łukasz Kryst [Opens in a new window] ,
Magdalena Żegleń ,
Paulina Artymiak ,
Małgorzata Kowal  and
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Łukasz Kryst*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Magdalena Żegleń
Affiliation:
Centrum HTA, Kraków, Poland
Paulina Artymiak
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Małgorzata Kowal
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
*
*Corresponding author. Email: lkryst@poczta.onet.pl
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3–7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Kraków, Poland. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfold thicknesses were measured. The sum of all six skinfolds was calculated and the children were subsequently characterized by low (≤–1 SD [standard deviation]), normal (–1 to 1 SD) or high body fat (≥1 SD). Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children’s parents or legal guardians. Preschool children in the high adiposity category had, on average, fewer siblings and longer screen time; additionally, their parents had lower education and more often worked in manual jobs, in comparison to the children in the low and average adiposity categories. In conclusion, it was observed that children in different adiposity categories varied in terms of some socioeconomic as well as lifestyle characteristics. Knowledge regarding the influence that those factors can have on the metabolic health of children is essential for children’s present as well as future well-being. Moreover, it can help health care professionals and parents decide what intervention and/ or preventive measures should be undertaken to ensure the best possible outcomes, as the development of successful obesity prevention strategies should rely on evidence-based information. Nonetheless, future research examining the issue of factors influencing the metabolic health of children, as well as these outcomes later in life, is crucial. Well-planned studies including a large number of individuals, as well as longitudinal research, will be particularly beneficial in this regard.

Keywords

SkinfoldsBody fatSocioeconomic parameters
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 54 , Issue 4 , July 2022 , pp. 643 - 650
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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