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High levels of fatty acids inhibit β-casein synthesis through suppression of the JAK2/STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways in mammary epithelial cells of cows with clinical ketosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2020

Xin Shu ,
Zhiyuan Fang ,
Yuan Guan ,
Xiying Chen ,
Juan J. Loor ,
Hongdou Jia ,
Jihong Dong ,
Yazhe Wang ,
Rankun Zuo  and
Guowen Liu
...Show all authors
Xin Shu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Zhiyuan Fang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Yuan Guan
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Xiying Chen
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Juan J. Loor
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
Hongdou Jia
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Jihong Dong
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Yazhe Wang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Rankun Zuo
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Guowen Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Xiaobing Li
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
Xinwei Li*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
*
Author for correspondence: Xinwei Li, Email: lixinwei100@126.com
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Abstract

Ketosis is a metabolic disease of dairy cows often characterized by high concentrations of ketone bodies and fatty acids, but low milk protein and milk production. The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are central for the regulation of milk protein synthesis. The effect of high levels of fatty acids on these pathways and β-casein synthesis are unknown in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 15) and clinically-ketotic (n = 15) cows. In addition, bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) were treated with fatty acids, methionine (Met) or prolactin (PRL), respectively. In vivo, the serum concentration of fatty acids was greater (P > 0.05) and the percentage of milk protein (P > 0.05) was lower in cows with clinical ketosis. The JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways were inhibited and the abundance of β-casein was lower in mammary tissue of cows with clinical ketosis (P > 0.05). In vitro, high levels of fatty acids inhibited the JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways (P > 0.05) and further decreased the β-casein synthesis (P > 0.05) in BMEC. Methionine or PRL treatment, as positive regulators, activated the JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways to increase the β-casein synthesis. Importantly, the high concentration of fatty acids attenuated the positive effect of Met or PRL on mTOR, JAK2-STAT5 pathways and the abundance of β-casein (P > 0.05). Overall, these data indicate that the high concentrations of fatty acids that reach the mammary cells during clinical ketosis inhibit mTOR and JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathways, and further suppress β-casein synthesis.

Keywords

Bovine mammary epithelial cellsdairy cowsfatty acidsmilk protein synthesis
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , May 2020 , pp. 212 - 219
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation.

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this study.

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