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Effects of prepartal body condition score and peripartal energy supply of dairy cows on postpartal lipolysis, energy balance and ketogenesis: an animal model to investigate subclinical ketosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2014

Kirsten Schulz ,
Jana Frahm ,
Ulrich Meyer ,
Susanne Kersten ,
Dania Reiche ,
Jürgen Rehage  and
Sven Dänicke
Kirsten Schulz
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Jana Frahm*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Ulrich Meyer
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Susanne Kersten
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Dania Reiche
Affiliation:
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
Jürgen Rehage
Affiliation:
Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173, Germany
Sven Dänicke
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: Jana.Frahm@fli.bund.de
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Abstract

Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder which often goes undiagnosed and leads to constricted performance and an impairment of general condition. In the current study subclinical ketosis was characterised by a β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration of >1·2 mmol/l in blood serum. To generate this metabolic situation, an animal model was created. The model, based on group-specific interaction of dietary energy supply and body condition, is appropriate for testing the medical effectiveness of treating this kind of ketosis and its concomitants. During the trial, 18 dairy cows (primiparous and pluriparous) were assigned, according to their body condition score (BCS) 6 weeks before expected parturition, to a normal [6·78 MJ net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg dry matter; 20% concentrate] or to a high-energy feeding group (7·71 MJ NEL/kg dry matter; 60% concentrate). Therefore cows with the highest BCS were allocated to the high-energy group to enhance the contrast with the control group. Statistical analysis was done using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Effects were declared significant when P-values were ⩽0·05. Owing to the higher energy concentration and dry matter intake, the energy intake and balance was significantly higher in the high-energy feeding group, with strong effects on lipid metabolism and health in blood and liver post partum. Within the first 2 weeks after calving, 8 out of 9 cows (89%) of the high-energy group had BHB values indicative of subclinical ketosis. These cows also had significantly higher values of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) post partum, as well as a raised total lipid content of the liver. RQUICKI, a calculated parameter which is based on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and NEFA to assess the insulin sensitivity, was not affected by treatment. Therefore, RQUICKI does not seem to be the right parameter for diagnosing decreased insulin sensitivity in cows affected by subclinical ketosis. The milk fat and the fat:protein ratio of the high-energy group was also higher, even though there was no decrease in milk yield for cows with subclinical BHB values.

Keywords

Animal modeldairy cowbody condition scoresubclinical ketosishepatic lipidosisenergy balance
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 81 , Issue 3 , August 2014 , pp. 257 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2014 

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