Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:02:43.684Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Overmilking causes deterioration in teat-end condition of dairy cows in late lactation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2013

J Paul Edwards ,
Bernadette O'Brien ,
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos  and
Jenny G Jago
J Paul Edwards*
Affiliation:
DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Bernadette O'Brien
Affiliation:
Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Jenny G Jago
Affiliation:
DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: Paul.Edwards@dairynz.co.nz
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of varying degrees of overmilking on teat-end hyperkeratosis, milk production variables and indicators of udder health during late lactation. This was examined by assessing the effect of four end-of-milking criteria on 181 spring-calving, mixed-age Holstein-Friesian cows, at an average 217±24 d in milk, over a six-week period. The four treatments were: remove cluster once milk flow rate fell to 0·2 kg/min plus 5 s (Ovr0), plus 120 s (Ovr2), plus 300 s (Ovr5), and plus 540 s (Ovr9). Daily measurements included individual cow milk yield, milking duration, overmilking duration, maximum milk flow rate, milk flow rate at cluster removal and the number of cluster re-attachments. Individual cow bulk milk samples were collected weekly at AM and PM milkings to determine composition (fat, protein and lactose) and somatic cell count (SCC; AM only). Teat-end hyperkeratosis score was assessed at weeks 0, 3, 5 and 6. At week 6 mean teat-end hyperkeratosis score of the Ovr2 treatment was not greater than Ovr0, whilst Ovr5 was greater than Ovr2 and Ovr9 was greater than Ovr5 and Ovr2. Milk production, milking characteristics and SCC were not different between treatments, except milking duration and milk flow rate at cluster removal. However, higher teat-end hyperkeratosis scores may have a longer-term impact on indicators of udder health if teat-end condition reaches severe levels. Results indicate that to minimise changes in teat-end condition overmilking should be limited to 2 min, which has implications for milking management in large parlours not fitted with automatic cluster removers.

Keywords

Overmilkingteat-end hyperkeratosismilking management
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 80 , Issue 3 , August 2013 , pp. 344 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Breen, JE, Bradley, AJ & Green, MJ 2009a Quarter and cow risk factors associated with a somatic cell count greater than 199,000 cells per milliliter in United Kingdom dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92 3106–3115Google Scholar
Breen, JE, Green, MJ & Bradley, AJ 2009b Quarter and cow risk factors associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the United Kingdom. Journal of Dairy Science 92 2551–2561Google Scholar
Bruckmaier, RM 2001 Milk ejection during machine milking in dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 70 121–124Google Scholar
Cuthbert, S 2008 DairyNZ Milking Practices and Technology use Survey. Hamilton, New Zealand: LICGoogle Scholar
Dairy, NZ & LIC 2011 New Zealand dairy statistics 2010–11. http://www.dairynz.co.nz/file/fileid/39959Google Scholar
Edwards, JP, Lopez-Villalobos, N & Jago, JG 2012 Increasing platform speed and the percentage of cows completing a second rotation improves throughput in rotary dairies. Animal Production Science 52 969–973CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleeson, DE, Kilroy, D, O'Callaghan, EJ, Fitzpatrick, E & Rath, MV 2003a Effect of machine milking on bovine teat sinus injury and teat canal keratin. Irish Veterinary Journal 56 46–50Google Scholar
Gleeson, DE, O'Callaghan, EJ & Rath, MV 2003b The effects of genotype, milking time and teat-end vacuum pattern on the severity of teat-end hyperkeratosis. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 42 195–203Google Scholar
Gleeson, DE, Meaney, WJ, O'Callaghan, EJ & Rath, MV 2004 Effect of teat hyperkeratosis on somatic cell counts of dairy cows. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 2 115–122Google Scholar
Hillerton, JE, Ohnstad, I, Baines, JR & Leach, KA 2000 Changes in cow teat tissue created by two types of milking cluster. Journal of Dairy Research 67 309–317Google Scholar
Hillerton, JE, Pankey, JW & Pankey, P 2002 Effect of over-milking on teat condition. Journal of Dairy Research 69 81–84Google Scholar
Jago, JG, McCoy, F & Edwards, JP 2012 Milking performance of large Irish dairy herds milked in swing-over parlours. In Proceedings of the Agricultural Research Forum, pp. 100. Tullamore, IrelandGoogle Scholar
Kelly, PT 2009 A study of the somatic cell count (SCC) of Irish milk from herd management and environmental perspectives. PhD Thesis. Dublin, Ireland: National University of IrelandGoogle Scholar
Mein, GA, Brown, MR & Williams, DM 1986 Effects on mastitis of overmilking in conjunction with pulsation failure. Journal of Dairy Research 53 17–22Google Scholar
Mein, GA, Neijenhuis, F, Morgan, WF, Reinemann, DJ, Hillerton, JE, Baines, JR, Ohnstad, I, Rasmussen, MD, Timms, L, Britt, JS, Farnsworth, R, Cook, N & Hemling, T 2001 Evaluation of bovine teat condition in commercial dairy herds. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mastitis and Milk Quality, pp. 347–351. Vancouver, CanadaGoogle Scholar
Natzke, RP, Oltenacu, PA & Schmidt, GH 1978 Change in udder health with over-milking. Journal of Dairy Science 61 233–238Google Scholar
Natzke, RP, Everett, RW & Bray, DR 1982 Effect of overmilking on udder health. Journal of Dairy Science 65 117–125Google Scholar
Neave, FK, Oliver, J & Dodd, FH 1962 Effect of prolonged milking on the incidence of mastitis. Proceedings of the International Dairy Congress 16 304–312Google Scholar
Neijenhuis, F, Barkema, HW, Hogeveen, H & Noordhuizen, J 2001 Relationship between teat-end callosity and occurrence of clinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 84 2664–2672Google Scholar
O'Brien, B, Gleeson, D & O'Donovan, K 2004 Labour expenditure on the milking process. International Dairy Topics 3 9–10Google Scholar
O'Brien, B, Jago, JG, Edwards, JP, Lopez-Villalobos, N & McCoy, F 2012 Milking parlour size, pre-milking routine and stage of lactation affect efficiency of milking in single-operator herringbone parlours. Journal of Dairy Research 79 216–223Google Scholar
O'Callaghan, E, Gleeson, D & Neijenhuis, F 1998 Effect of under-milking and over-milking on teat tissue condition. International Dairy Federation Bulletin 330 19Google Scholar
O'Donnell, S, Shalloo, L, Butler, AM & Horan, B 2008 A survey analysis of opportunities and limitations of Irish dairy farmers. Journal of Farm Management 13 419–434Google Scholar
O'Donovan, K, O'Brien, B, Ruane, DJ, Kinsella, J & Gleeson, D 2008 Labour input on Irish dairy farms and the effect of scale and seasonality. Journal of Farm Management 13 327–342Google Scholar
Olney, GR & Mitchell, RK 1983 Effect of milking machine factors on the somatic-cell count of milk from cows free of intramammary infection. 2. Vacuum level and overmilking. Journal of Dairy Research 50 141–148Google Scholar
Osteras, O & Lund, A 1988 Epidemiological analysis of the associations between bovine udder health and milking machine and milking management. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 6 91–108Google Scholar
Peterson, KJ 1964 Mammary tissue injury resulting from improper machine milking. American Journal of Veterinary Research 25 1002–1009Google Scholar
Shearn, MFH & Hillerton, JE 1996 Hyperkeratosis of the teat duct orifice in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Research 63 525–532Google Scholar
Sieber, RL & Farnsworth, RJ 1981 Prevalence of chronic teat-end lesions and their relationship to intra-mammary infection in 22 herds of dairy-cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 178 1263–1267Google Scholar
Taylor, G, van der Sande, L & Douglas, R 2009 Smarter not Harder: Improving Labour Productivity in the Primary Sector. Hamilton, New Zealand: DairyNZGoogle Scholar