Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T02:18:03.772Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Oxidative stress indicators and metabolic adaptations in response to the omission of the dry period in dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2010

Roberto Mantovani ,
Sandy Sgorlon ,
Lieta Marinelli ,
Lucia Bailoni ,
Giovanni Bittante  and
Gianfranco Gabai
Roberto Mantovani*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Padova – Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16 – 35020Legnaro (PD), Italy
Sandy Sgorlon
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Udine – Via San Mauro, 2 – 33010Pagnacco (UD), Italy
Lieta Marinelli
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Experimental Science, University of Padova – Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16 – 35020Legnaro (PD), Italy
Lucia Bailoni
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Padova – Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16 – 35020Legnaro (PD), Italy
Giovanni Bittante
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Padova – Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16 – 35020Legnaro (PD), Italy
Gianfranco Gabai
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Experimental Science, University of Padova – Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16 – 35020Legnaro (PD), Italy
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: roberto.mantovani@unipd.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of dry period omission on oxidative stress and metabolic indicators around calving were studied. Seventeen Italian Friesian cows were randomly assigned to two groups, homogeneous for milk yield and parity, and managed either with a traditional 55-d dry off period (n=8) or continuously milked till parturition (n=9). Between 60 d before expected calving and 90 d after calving, body condition (BCS) was recorded and blood samples were collected to measure cortisol, urea, cholesterol, glucose, NEFA, triglycerides, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. BCS changes after calving were not different between the two groups. The normally dried group showed lower (P<0·05) glucose concentrations on day 7 before calving, greater (P<0·01) non-esterified fatty acid concentrations at 7 d and 15 d after calving, and greater (P<0·01) triglyceride concentrations for all the period before calving. On the other hand, plasma MDA was not different between groups. On average, plasma GSH concentrations were greater in continuously milked cows after calving (P<0·05), while plasma GPx was greater with continuous milking up to parturition (P<0·01). The results confirmed that omitting the dry period leads to an improved energy balance. The degree of oxidative stress was not detrimental for animal health, and the slight modifications of GPx observed prepartum were possibly related to continuous milk secretion. The differences in plasma GSH observed after calving may depend upon sulphur amino acid sparing in continuously milked cows.

Keywords

Dairy cowscontinuous lactationoxidative stressmetabolic status
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , August 2010 , pp. 273 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, JB, Madsen, TG, Larsen, T, Ingvartsen, KL & Nielsen, MO 2005 The effects of dry periods versus continuous lactation on metabolic status and performance in periparturient cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88 3530–3541CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annen, EL, Collier, RJ, McGuire, MA & Vicini, JL 2004a Effects of dry period length on milk yield and mammary cells. Journal of Dairy Science 87 Supplement E E66–E76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annen, EL, Collier, RJ, McGuire, MA, Vicini, JL, Ballam, JM & Mormore, MJ 2004b Effect of modified dry period lengths and somatotropin protocols on milk yield and composition of primiparous and multiparous cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 3746–3761CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachman, KC & Schairer, ML 2003 Invited review: Bovine studies on optimal length of dry periods. Journal of Dairy Science 86 3027–3037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, MA, Cerniglia, GJ & Zaman, A 1990 Microtiter plate assay for the measurement of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in large numbers of biological samples. Analytical Biochemistry 190 360–365CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumrucker, CR, Pocius, PA & Riss, TL 1981 Glutathione utilization by lactating bovine mammary secretory tissue in vitro. Biochemical Journal 198 243–246CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, AW 1995 Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science 73 2804–2819CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernabucci, U, Ronchi, B, Lacetera, N & Nardone, A 2002 Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. Journal of Dairy Science 85 2173–2179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernabucci, U, Ronchi, B, Lacetera, N & Nardone, A 2005 Influence of body condition score on relationship between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88 2017–2026CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, L, Leroux, C & Chilliard, Y 2008 Expression and nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes in the ruminant mammary gland. In Bioactive Components of Milk, Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Ed. Bosze, Z) pp. 67–107. Berlin, Germany: SpringerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capuco, AV & Akers, RM 1999 Mammary involution in dairy animals. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 4 137–144CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castillo, C, Hernandez, J, Bravo, A, Lopez-Alonso, M, Pereira, V & Benedito, JL 2005 Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal 169 286–292CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edmonson, AJ, Lean, IJ, Farver, LD, Farver, T & Webster, G 1989 A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 72 68–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabai, G, Testoni, S, Piccinini, R, Marinelli, L & Stradaioli, G 2004 Oxidative stress in primiparous cows in relation to dietary starch and the progress of lactation. Animal Science 79 99–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabai, G, Mollo, A, Marinelli, L, Badan, M & Bono, G 2006 Endocrine and ovarian responses to prolonged adrenal stimulation at the time of induced CL regression. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 41 485–493CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gumen, A, Rastani, RR, Grummer, RR & Wiltbank, MC 2005 Reduced dry periods and varying prepartum diets alter postpartum ovulation and reproductive measures. Journal of Dairy Science 88 2401–2411CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grummer, RR & Rastani, RR 2004 Why re-evaluate dry period length? Journal of Dairy Science 87(E. Suppl.) E77–E85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliwell, B 1994 Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutrition Reviews 52 253–265CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
INRA 1988 [Feeding of bovines, ovines and caprines]. Paris, France: INRAGoogle Scholar
Johnston, SL, Kitson, KE, Tweedle, JW, Davis, SR & Lee, J 2004 γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase inhibition suppresses milk protein synthesis in isolated ovine mammary cells. Journal of Dairy Science 87 321–329CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, CH 2001 Lactation and gestation in dairy cows: flexibility avoids nutritional extremes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 60 527–537CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Dann, HM, Janovick Guretzky, NA, Everts, EE, Oliveira, R, Green, CA, Litherland, NB, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Lewin, HA & Drackley, JK 2006 Plane of nutrition prepartum alters hepatic gene expression and function in dairy cows as assessed by longitudinal transcript and metabolic profiling. Physiological Genomics 27 29–41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, TG, Nielsen, MO, Anderven, JB & Ingvartsen, KL 2008 Continuous lactation in dairy cows: effect on milk production and mammary nutrient supply and extraction. Journal of Dairy Science 91 1791–1801CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mantovani, R, Marinelli, L, Bailoni, L, Gabai, G & Bittante, G 2010 Omission of dry period and effect on the subsequent lactation curve. Italian Journal of Animal Science published online: e20 101–108Google Scholar
Miller, JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E & Madsen, FC 1993 Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. Journal of Dairy Science 76 2812–2823CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council 2001 Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition. Washington DC, USA: National Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Overton, TR 2005 Is there a place for short dry periods for high producing herds. Advances in Dairy Technology 17 25–34Google Scholar
Rastani, RR, Grummer, RR, Bertics, SJ, Gumen, A, Wiltbank, MC, Mashek, DG & Schwab, MC 2005 Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows: milk production, energy balance, and metabolic profiles. Journal of Dairy Science 88 1004–1014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotz, CA, Zartman, DL & Crandal, KL 2005 Economic and environmental feasibility of a perennial cow dairy farm. Journal of Dairy Science 88 3009–3019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS Institute 2000 SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 8 ed. SAS Insitute, Cary NC, USAGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, A, Muir, DD & Knight, CH 2008 Extended lactation in dairy cows: effects of milking frequency, calving season and nutrition on lactation persistency and milk quality. Journal of Dairy Research 75 90–97CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stefanon, B, Colitti, M, Gabai, G, Knight, CH & Wilde, CJ 2002 Mammary apoptosis and lactation persistency in dairy animals. Journal of Dairy Research 69 37–52CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, M, Kamiya, Y, Kamiya, M, Shioya, S & Nakai, Y 2007 Antiradical function of sulfhydryl residues and oxidative stress markers in dairy cattle plasma. Animal Science Journal 78 61–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasowicz, W, Nève, J & Peretz, A 1993 Optimized steps in fluorimetric determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum: importance of extraction pH and influence of sample preservation and storage. Clinical Chemistry 39 2522–2526CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, MS, Purup, S, Vestergaard, M, Akers, RM & Sejrsen, K 2000 Regulation of local synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins in mammary tissue. Journal of Dairy Science 83 30–37CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, G, Fang, YZ, Yang, S, Lupton, JR & Turner, ND 2004 Glutathione metabolism and its implication for health. Journal of Nutrition 134 489–492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed