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A genetic study of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: relationship between polymorphism -173 G to C in the MIF gene and serum level MIF in children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2015

O. R. Ramayani ,
N. Sekarwana ,
P. P. Trihono ,
A. H. Sadewa  and
A. Lelo
O. R. Ramayani*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Sumatera Utara University, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
N. Sekarwana
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
P. P. Trihono
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia
A. H. Sadewa
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
A. Lelo
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sumatera Utara University, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
*
*Address for correspondence: O. R. Ramayani, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Sumatera, Bunga Lau Street, Medan, North Sumatera 20215, Indonesia. (Email oke_rina@yahoo.com)
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Abstract

There is no satisfactory explanation as to why some nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients respond to glucocorticoids and others do not. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between single nucleotide polymorphism of the MIF gene -rs755622 and serum MIF concentrations in NS patients. During a period between November 2011 and September 2012, 120 consecutive children divided into three groups [healthy children, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS)] were examined. Children were defined as healthy when they had a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate and spot urinary albumin creatinine ratio <150 μg/mg creatinine. SRNS was diagnosed in children who did not respond to the usual doses of steroids within 4 weeks of initiating treatment. SSNS patients were defined as those who had remission after usual doses of steroids. The genotype of -173 G to C polymorphism of the MIF gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Serum MIF concentration was measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The allele frequency of the C allele was higher in SRNS compared with that of SSNS patients (P=0.025). There was a trend toward an association between genotypes and serum MIF disturbances. In conclusion, this study noted elevated circulating serum MIF levels and higher frequency of the C allele of the MIF gene in SRNS patients. The presence of the C allele implies an increased risk for steroid resistance.

Keywords

macrophage inhibitory factornephrotic syndromesteroid resistant
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 1: Themed Issue: The Gut Microbiome and Immunity: How it is Shaped by Early Life , February 2016 , pp. 102 - 107
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2015 

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