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The impact of early life gut colonization on metabolic and obesogenic outcomes: what have animal models shown us?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2015

J. G. Wallace ,
W. Gohir  and
D. M. Sloboda
J. G. Wallace
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
W. Gohir
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
D. M. Sloboda*
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
*
*Address for correspondence: D. M. Sloboda, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC4H30A, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. (Email sloboda@mcmaster.ca)
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Abstract

The rise in the occurrence of obesity to epidemic proportions has made it a global concern. Great difficulty has been experienced in efforts to control this growing problem with lifestyle interventions. Thus, attention has been directed to understanding the events of one of the most critical periods of development, perinatal life. Early life adversity driven by maternal obesity has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease and obesity in the offspring later in life. Although a mechanistic link explaining the relationship between maternal and offspring obesity is still under investigation, the gut microbiota has come forth as a new factor that may play a role modulating metabolic function of both the mother and the offspring. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a much larger role in mediating the risk of developing non-communicable disease, including obesity and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. With the observation that the early life colonization of the neonatal and postnatal gut is mediated by the perinatal environment, the number of studies investigating early life gut microbial establishment continues to grow. This paper will review early life gut colonization in experimental animal models, concentrating on the role of the early life environment in offspring gut colonization and the ability of the gut microbiota to dictate risk of disease later in life.

Keywords

developmental programmingmicrobiomeoffspring
Type
Review
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 1: Themed Issue: The Gut Microbiome and Immunity: How it is Shaped by Early Life , February 2016 , pp. 15 - 24
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© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2015 

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