Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:12:34.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lipids and leukocytes in newborn umbilical vein blood, birth weight and maternal body mass index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2016

T. Brittos ,
W. B. de Souza ,
F. Anschau  and
L. Pellanda
T. Brittos
Affiliation:
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
W. B. de Souza
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
F. Anschau
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
L. Pellanda*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: L. C. Pellanda, Unidade de Pesquisa, Av. Princesa Isabel, 370 – Azenha, CEP 90620-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (Email luciapell.pesquisa@cardiologia.org.br)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Maternal obesity during pregnancy may influence fetal development and possibly predispose offspring to cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy, and newborn birth weight, with lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leukocyte in newborns. We performed a cross-sectional study of 245 mothers and their children. Blood was collected from the umbilical vein and assayed for lipid profile, hs-CRP and leukocyte count. Newborns average weight was 3241 g, total cholesterol 53.9 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) 21.9 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) 26.2 mg/dl, triglyceride 29.5 mg/dl and leukocytes 13,777/mm3. There was a direct correlation of pre-pregnancy BMI of overweight mothers with total cholesterol (r=0.220, P=0.037) and LDL-c (r=0.268, P=0.011) of newborns. Total cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c were higher in pre-term newborns (66.3±19.7, 35.9±14.6 and 25.2±7.7 mg/dl, respectively) that in full-term (52.4±13.1, 25.0±8.7 and 21.5±6.0 mg/dl), with P=0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. Leukocyte counts were higher in full-term newborns (14,268±3982/mm3) compared with pre-term (9792±2836/mm3, P<0.0001). There was a direct correlation between birth weight and leukocyte counts of newborns (r=0.282, P<0.0001). These results suggest the possible interaction of maternal weight and fetal growth with lipid metabolism and leukocyte count in the newborn, which may be linked to programming of the immune system.

Keywords

cord bloodhigh-sensitivity C-reactive proteinleukocyteslipid profilenewborn
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 6: Themed Issue: Developmental Origins of Adult Mental Health and Illness , December 2016 , pp. 672 - 677
Check for updates
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Mendis, S, Puska, P, Norrving, B. (eds.) Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. 2011. World Health Organization: Geneva.Google Scholar
2. World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update, 2008. ISBN 978 92 4 156371 0. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/ Google Scholar
3. Hansson, GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352, 1685–1695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Quehenberger, O, Yamashita, T, Armando, AM, Dennis, EA, Palinski, W. Effect of gestational hypercholesterolemia and maternal immunization on offspring plasma eicosanoids. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 205, 156.e15–e25.Google Scholar
5. Bansal, N, Cruickshank, JK, McElduff, P, Durrington, PN. Cord blood lipoproteins and prenatal influences. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2005; 16, 400–408.Google Scholar
6. Doherty, SP, Grabowski, J, Hoffman, C, Ng, SP, Zelikoff, JT. Early life insult from cigarette smoke may be predictive of chronic diseases later in life. Biomarkers. 2009; 14(Suppl. 1), 97–101.Google Scholar
7. Pellanda, LC, Duncan, BB, Vigo, A, et al. Low birth weight and markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in adulthood: the ARIC study. Int J Cardiol. 2009; 134, 371–377.Google Scholar
8. Milei, J, Ottaviani, G, Lavezzi, AM, et al. Perinatal and infant early atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Can J Cardiol. 2008; 24, 137–141.Google Scholar
9. Homma, S, Troxclair, DA, Zieske, AW, Malcom, GT, Strong, JP, Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Research Group. Histological changes and risk factor associations in type 2 atherosclerotic lesions (fatty streaks) in young adults. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 219, 184–190.Google Scholar
10. Bressler, J, Shimmin, LC, Boerwinkle, E, Hixson, JE. Global DNA methylation and risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults: the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 219, 958–962.Google Scholar
11. Gillman, MW, Rifas-Shiman, S, Berkey, CS, Field, AE, Colditz, GA. Maternal gestational diabetes, birth weight, and adolescent obesity. Pediatrics. 2003; 111, e221–e226.Google Scholar
12. Dabelea, D. The predisposition to obesity and diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(Suppl. 2), 169–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Clausen, TD, Mathiesen, ER, Hansen, T, et al. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: the role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31, 340–346.Google Scholar
14. Wright, CS, Rifas-Shiman, SL, Rich-Edwards, JW, et al. Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes, child adiposity, and blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 2009; 22, 215–220.Google Scholar
15. Palinski, W, Yamashita, T, Freigang, S, Napoli, C. Developmental programming: maternal hypercholesterolemia and immunity influence susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Nutr Rev. 2007; 65(Pt 2), S182–S187, (Review).Google Scholar
16. Hone, J, Jovanovic, L. Approach to the patient with diabetes during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95, 3578–3585.Google Scholar
17. Palinski, W, Nicolaides, E, Liguori, A, Napoli, C. Influence of maternal dysmetabolic conditions during pregnancy on cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2009; 2, 277–285.Google Scholar
18. Institute of Medicine. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. 2009. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
19. Miranda, PAC, Reis, R. Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Associação Médica Brasileira. Projeto Diretrizes. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2008; 54, 477–480.Google Scholar
20. Tanvig, M. Offspring body size and metabolic profile – effects of lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women. Dan Med J. 2014; 61, B4893.Google Scholar
21. Grieger, JA, Clifton, VL. Review of the impact of dietary intakes in human pregnancy on infant birthweight. Nutrients. 2015; 7, 153–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Lavie, CJ, De Schutter, A, Parto, P, et al. Obesity and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and prognosis – the obesity paradox updated. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016; 58, 537–547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Eriksson, JG, Forsen, T, Tuomilehto, J, Osmond, C, Barker, DJ. Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of type 2 diabetes in adult life. Diabetologia. 2003; 46, 190–194.Google Scholar
24. Huxley, R, Barzi, F, Woodward, M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. Br Med Assoc. 2006; 332, 73–78.Google Scholar
25. Kaijser, M, Bonamy, AK, Akre, O, et al. Perinatal risk factors for ischemic heart disease: disentangling the roles of birth weight and preterm birth. Circulation. 2008; 117, 405–410.Google Scholar
26. Canoy, D, Pouta, A, Ruokonen, A, et al. Weight at birth and infancy in relation to adult leukocyte count: a population-based study of 5619 men and women followed from the fetal period to adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94, 1916–1922.Google Scholar
27. Hrolfsdottir, L, Rytter, D, Olsen, SF, et al. Gestational weight gain in normal weight women and offspring cardio-metabolic risk factors at 20 years of age. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015; 39, 671–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Kelishadi, R, Badiee, Z, Adeli, K. Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007; 21, 518–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Fraser, A, Tilling, K, Macdonald-Wallis, C, et al. Association of maternal weight gain in pregnancy with offspring obesity and metabolic and vascular traits in childhood. Circulation. 2010; 121, 2557–2564.Google Scholar
30. Morley, R, McCalman, J, Carlin, JB. Birthweight and coronary heart disease in a cohort born 1857–1900 in Melbourne, Australia. Int J Epidemiol. 2006; 35, 880–885.Google Scholar
31. Chen, W, Srinivasan, SR, Berenson, GS. Influence of birth weight on white blood cell count in biracial (black-white) children, adolescents, and young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169, 214–218.Google Scholar
32. McElrath, TF, Allred, EN, Van Marter, L, Fichorova, RN, Leviton, A, ELGAN Study Investigators. Perinatal systemic inflammatory responses of growth-restricted preterm newborns. Acta Paediatr. 2013; 102, e439–e442.Google Scholar