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Latent factors of adverse childhood experiences and adult-onset asthma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2020

Maria B. Ospina Open the ORCID record for Maria B. Ospina [Opens in a new window] ,
Jesus A. Serrano-Lomelin ,
Sana Amjad ,
Anne Hicks  and
Gerald F. Giesbrecht
Maria B. Ospina*
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Jesus A. Serrano-Lomelin
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Sana Amjad
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Anne Hicks
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Gerald F. Giesbrecht
Affiliation:
Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*
Address for correspondence: Maria B. Ospina, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. University of Alberta, 220B Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Email: mospina@ualberta.ca
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Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with complex etiology. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to asthma in adulthood. Underlying potential mechanisms for the ACE-asthma relationship include stress-induced inflammatory pathways and immune dysregulation. We conducted a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the 2013 Alberta ACE Survey to explore the relationship between latent ACE factors and self-reported adult asthma. We evaluated the underlying correlation structure among eight different ACEs using exploratory factor analysis. We conducted a logistic regression model to evaluate whether ACE factors retained from the factor analysis predicted self-reported asthma in adulthood. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We analyzed ACE survey results from 1207 participants. Factor analysis yielded four ACE latent factors: factor 1/relational violence, factor 2/negative home environment, factor 3/illness at home, and factor 4/sexual abuse. Results of the logistic regression showed that experiencing sexual abuse (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.89, 5.23), relational violence (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.38), and being exposed to a negative home environment (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.35) were predictive of a diagnosis of asthma in adulthood, whereas living in a household with someone experiencing illness did not show an effect (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.75, 2.56). Factor analysis provides an effectual approach to understand the long-term impact of ACEs on respiratory health. Our findings have important implications to understand the developmental origins of asthma in adulthood and inform interventions aimed at reducing the lasting negative impact of childhood adversities on future respiratory health.

Keywords

Adverse childhood experiencesadult asthmaearly-life exposureslatent factorsexploratory factor analysis
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 50 - 57
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2020

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