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Suicidal thoughts and attempts in First Nations communities: links to parental Indian residential school attendance across development

Part of: DOHaD on International Women's Day 2020 A Canadian perspective on DOHaD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2018

A. Bombay ,
R. J. McQuaid ,
F. Schwartz ,
A. Thomas ,
H. Anisman  and
K. Matheson
A. Bombay
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
R. J. McQuaid
Affiliation:
The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
F. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
A. Thomas
Affiliation:
Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
H. Anisman
Affiliation:
The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
K. Matheson
Affiliation:
The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract

The Indian residential school (IRS) system in Canada ran for over a century until the last school closed in 1996. Conditions in the IRSs resulted in generations of Indigenous children being exposed to chronic childhood adversity. The current investigation used data from the 2008–2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey to explore whether parental IRS attendance was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts in childhood, adolescence and in adulthood among a representative sample of First Nations peoples living on-reserve across Canada. Analyses of the adult sample in Study 1 (unweighted n=7716; weighted n=186,830) revealed that having a parent who attended IRS was linked with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence and adulthood. Although females were negatively affected by having a parent who attended IRS, the link with suicidal ideation in adulthood was greater for males. Analyses of the youth sample in Study 2 (unweighted n=2883; weighted n=30,190) confirmed that parental IRS attendance was associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. In contrast to the adult sample, parental IRS attendance had a significantly greater relation with suicidal ideation among female youth. A significant interaction also emerged between parental IRS attendance and age in the youth sample, with the influence of parental attendance being particularly strong among youth ages 12–14, compared with those 15–17 years. These results underscore the need for culturally relevant early interventions for the large proportions of Indigenous children and youth intergenerationally affected by IRSs and other collective traumas.

Keywords

collective traumadevelopmental stageIndigenousintergenerationalmental health/illness
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 10 , Special Issue 1: Themed Issue: Canada / Indigenous Populations , February 2019 , pp. 123 - 131
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2018 

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