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Vitamin D deficiency, behavioral atypicality, anxiety and depression in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Part of: Prenatal Origins of Adult Mental Health and Illness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2016

L. Kelley ,
A. F. P. Sanders  and
E. A. Beaton
L. Kelley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
A. F. P. Sanders
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
E. A. Beaton*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: E. A. Beaton, Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA. (Email ebeaton@uno.edu)
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Abstract

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a complex developmental disorder with serious medical, cognitive and emotional symptoms across the lifespan. This genetic deletion also imparts a lifetime risk for developing schizophrenia that is 25–30 times that of the general population. The origin of this risk is multifactorial and may include dysregulation of the stress response and immunological systems in relation to brain development. Vitamin D is involved in brain development and neuroprotection, gene transcription, immunological regulation and influences neuronal signal transduction. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety in the general population. Yet, little is known about how vitamin D levels in children with 22q11.2DS could mediate risk of psychosis in adulthood. Blood plasma levels of vitamin D were measured in children aged 7–16 years with (n=11) and without (n=16) 22q11.2DS in relation to parent reports of children’s anxiety and atypicality. Anxiety and atypicality in childhood are risk indicators for the development of schizophrenia in those with 22q11.2DS and the general population. Children with 22q11.2DS had lower vitamin D levels, as well as elevated anxiety and atypicality compared with typical peers. Higher levels of anxiety, depression and internalizing problems but not atypicality were associated with lower levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency may relate to higher levels of anxiety and depression, in turn contributing to the elevated risk of psychosis in this population. Further study is required to determine casual linkages between anxiety, stress, mood and vitamin D in children with 22q11.2DS.

Keywords

developmental disorderDiGeorge syndromegenetic deletionschizophrenia riskvelocardiofacial syndrome
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 6: Themed Issue: Developmental Origins of Adult Mental Health and Illness , December 2016 , pp. 616 - 625
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2016 

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