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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 February 2009
Queen Victoria had been crowned on 28 June 1838. When she died in January 1901 there can have been very few people indeed who had even the vaguest memory of what her coronation had been like. There was an opportunity for scholarship to influence the shape which the ceremonies for the new monarch would take and there was both a liturgical interest and a liturgical expertise which had not existed in the 1820s and 1830s.
1 Taylor, A., The glory of regality, London 1820Google Scholar, however, had contained a good deal of information about crownings.
2 Ratcliff, E. C.The English coronation service, London 1936, 151Google Scholar.
3 There is a very useful comparative table, ibid. 47ff.
4 When Edward VI was crowned the Prayer Book of 1549 had not yet been compiled; Elizabeth was crowned before the passage of the 1559 Act of Uniformity.
5 Ratcliff, , English coronation, 42Google Scholar.
6 Wordsworth, C., The manner of the coronation of King Charles the First of England at Westminster on 1 Feb. 1626 London 1892Google Scholar.
7 Legg, J. Wickham, The coronation of the queen, London 1898, 7Google Scholar.
8 Ratcliff, , English coronation, 38ffGoogle Scholar. Ratcliff's book clearly belongs, in content and structure though not in its understanding of the intention of the rite, to the succession of writings about coronations discussed above.
9 Brightman, F. E., ‘Chronicle’, JTS iv (1902–1903), 152Google Scholar.
11 H. A. Wilson, ‘The English coronation orders’, ibid. 48Iff.
12 Ibid. 503f.
13 Pemberton, Joseph, The coronation service with notes and introduction London 1901, 7–13Google Scholar.
14 Some of the material used in this article also appears in the final chapter of HinchlifT, Peter, Frederick Temple, archbishop of Canterbury: a life Oxford 1996Google Scholar.
15 Bell, G. K. A., Randall Davidson, archbishop of Canterbury, London 1938, I. 284Google Scholar.
16 Trinity College, Cambridge, E. W. Benson Papers, Official Diary 1889, 22 June.
17 Conference of bishops of the Anglican communion holden at Lambeth Palace in July 1897: encyclical letter of the bishops with the resolutions and reports, London 1897, 13ffGoogle Scholar.
18 Lambeth Palace Library, Minutes of bishops meetings, BM3, 235, 237.
19 Sandford, E. G. (ed.), Memoirs of Archbishop Temple by seven friends, London 1906, ii. 268Google Scholar.
20 Davidson Papers, 522, fos 36, 38.
21 Armitage Robinson to Davidson, 5 May 1902, ibid. 278, fo. 223.
22 Letter dated 27 Apr. 1901, ibid, fos Iff.
23 The Times, 5 May 1902.
24 Letter dated 6 Nov. 1901, Davidson Papers, 278, fos 42ff.
25 F. Temple Papers, 57, fos 72ff.
26 Ibid. 58, fo. 365.
27 The minutes of the executive committee are in the archives at the College of Arms: Papers relating to the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, vol. 15 (Steer Catalogue of Royal and Other Ceremonies, 147). The volume contains an agenda paper for each meeting (sometimes described as a ‘list of business’ the minutes themselves, containing nothing more than the resolutions arrived at; and a cumulative ‘Digest of the minutes of the executive committee for the purposes of the coronation of their majesties: submissions made for the approval of his majesty.’
28 F. Temple Papers, 57, fo. 83.
29 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 15 (Steer, 147), Minutes of executive committee, meeting of 10 July 1901, which resolved that there would be a procession through London and laid down the route. It also settled on the route for the drive (evidently not technically a procession) from Buckingham Palace to the Abbey. A meeting on 16 July resolved that the coronation should be on 26 June 1902 and the procession through London on 25 June 1902. See also F. Temple Papers, 57, fos 97, 106.
30 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 1 (Steer, 133), file 14, is Davidson's letter and a copy of the reply from Hobart.
31 Undated letter from Davidson on which Temple has written ‘24 Dec’, F. Temple Papers, 57, fo. 163.
32 Both forms of service are in the Temple Papers. For some reason the order of service for the coronation of William IV is in vol. 57 and that for the coronation of Victoria is in vol. 58.
33 Memoirs of Archbishop Temple, II. 688.
34 Davidson Papers, 49, fo. 358.
35 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 15 (Steer, 147), Minutes of executive committee, meeting of 16 July 1901, item 11.
36 Taylor, , J Armitage Robinson, Cambridge 1991, 49Google Scholar, implies that Robinson took the work on himself because the dean ‘was old and could not supervise’ the service and that he was supported in this by Davidson (p. 58). But there is no evidence to suggest this and it was May 1902 before Robinson mentioned Bradley's health to Davidson.
37 Robinson, later published, for example, ‘The coronation in the tenth century’, JTS xix (1917), 40ffGoogle Scholar.
38 Enclosure in letter dated 10 Oct. 1901, Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 25. The letter itself is fo. 24.
39 See Taylor, , Armitage Robinson, 118 n. 25Google Scholar, for an assessment of Robinson's scholarship.
40 Davidson Papers, 278, fos 28–41.
41 F. Temple Papers, 58, fos 2gff. is a long handwritten letter from Davidson dated 23 Nov. 1901; Davidson Papers, 278, fos 50ff. is a copy in longhand of the same letter.
42 Davidson Papers, 278, fos 68ff. See also below nn. 46, 54–6, 65, for other suggestions from Hope.
43 Letter dated 11 Dec. 1901, Davidson Papers, 278, fos 78f.
44 Letter dated 15 Dec. 1901, F. Temple Papers, 58, fos 40ff.
45 Letter dated 13 Dec. 1901, Davidson Papers, 278, fos 80f.
46 Letter dated 24 Nov. 1901, ibid, fos 64ff.
47 Legg, L. G.Wickham, ‘The coronation service’, in Clarke, W. K. Lowther(ed.), Liturgy and worship: a companion to the prayer books of the Anglican communion, London 1932, 695nGoogle Scholar.
48 Missale Westmonasteriense, ed. Legg, J. Wickham, London 1896, 10Google Scholar.
49 Wordsworth, , Coronation of Charles the First, pp. xxii n., 142Google Scholar.
50 Wilson, , ‘English orders’, 501Google Scholar.
51 Legg, L. G. Wickham, ‘The coronation service’, 691Google Scholar. Halifax's letter to Davidson of 27 Apr. 1901 suggests that he had heard this story: F. Temple Papers, 57, fos. Iff.
52 Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 66.
53 Ibid, fos 82ff.
54 Ibid, fos 64ff.
55 Ibid. fo. 67.
56 Ibid, fos 88ff.
57 Ibid, fos 94f.
58 F. Temple Papers, 57, fos 222ff.
59 For example, letter from J. K. Fortescue, British Museum, and letter from John Murray, 50 Albemarle Street, Davidson Papers, 278, fos 28Iff., 307.
60 Knollys to Davidson, 6 May 1902, ibid. fo. 229.
61 F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 76.
62 Davidson Papers, 278, fos 92 (Bishop Westcott of Durham), 100 (Bishop Kennion of Bath and Wells). Ironically these were the king's episcopal supporters and Kennion was also trying to ensure that they wore matching copes.
63 F. Temple Papers, 57, fo. 216.
64 Ibid. fo. 192.
65 Letter dated 12 Jan. 1902, Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 132.
66 Letter dated 9 June 1902, F. Temple Papers, 57, fo. 252.
67 Letter from Davidson dated 27 Dec. 1901, with Temple's notes for his chaplain to write a reply, ibid. 58, fo. 46.
68 Christ Church, Oxford, papers relating to the Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Register of Certificates 1, autograph notes by Stanley at the back of the register.
69 Stanley, A. P., Three introductory lectures on the study of ecclesiastical history, Oxford 1857, 39Google Scholar.
70 F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 48.
71 The records of the Court of Claims are in the Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 14 (Steer, 146); a printed copy of its decisions, dated Dec. 1901, is in the F. Temple Papers, 57, fos 105ff.
72 Letter dated 4 Jan. 1902, ibid. 58, fo. 54.
73 Ibid, fos 56ff; fos 58–68 are the notes in manuscript and fos 69–74 are a printed version of the same.
74 Ibid. fo. 76.
75 Ibid. fo. 75.
76 Davidson Papers, 522, fo. 25.
77 Letter dated 12 Jan. 1902, ibid. 278, fo. 128.
78 Ibid. fo. 130; the letter is primarily about the new bishop of Worcester (Gore) doing homage.
79 Memorandum dated 23 Jan. 1902, F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 80.
80 See above, n. 42.
81 Letter dated 10 Feb. 1902, Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 184.
82 Letter dated 3 Feb. 1902, F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 82.
83 Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 163; Frere, cf. W. H., Some principles of liturgical reform, London 1911, 157Google Scholar.
84 Davidson Papers, 278, fos 207ff.
85 F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 87.
86 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 15 (Steer, 147), Minutes of executive committee, meeting of 16 Apr., item 2.
87 F. Temple Papers, 57, fo. 114.
88 Ibid, fos 1 116ff.
89 The Times, 5 May 1902.
90 All these letters are in F. Temple Papers, 57, fos 230–46.
91 Temple to Davidson, 12 Aug. 1902, Davidson Papers, 4, fo. 205.
92 Dearmer, Percy, The parson's handbook containing practical directions for parsons and others as to the management of the parish church and its services according to The English Use as set forth in the Book of Common Prayer 4th edn, London 1902, 120Google Scholar.
93 Letter dated 5 Jun. 1902, F. Temple Papers, 58, fo. 230.
94 Letter dated 2 Jan. 1902, Davidson Papers, 278, fo. 112.
95 Described in some sources as ‘perityphlitis’ which is defined as ‘inflammation of the caecum or appendicitis’.
96 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 13 (Steer, 145), for example file 174 (letter to Local Government Board) and file 196 (letter to Chief Secretary for Ireland).
97 The executive committee resolved that the doors of the Abbey should be opened at 6.30 a.m. and closed again at 9 a.m. - Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 15 (Steer, 147), meeting of 1 May 1902, item 2.
98 Procession of the regalia, F. Temple Papers, 57, fos I49ff.
99 Ibid, fos 151f.
100 See Ratcliff, , English coronation, 4511Google Scholar.
101 Magdalene College, Cambridge, A. C. Benson diaries, vol. 16, 105.
102 Coll. Arms, Coron. Edw. VII, vol. 15 (Steer, 147), Minutes of executive committee, meeting of 1 May 1902, item 9.
103 Memoirs of Archbishop Temple, II. 374.
104 Magdalene Coll., A. C. Benson diaries, vol. 16, 105. Benson implies that he was told this by the archbishop himself ‘afterwards, at tea’.
105 Bell, , Davidson, I. 371Google Scholar.
106 Ibid. 384. Although Bell's biography prints Temple's letter of thanks to Davidson and though Bell notes, in very general terms, that Davidson had been of help, he gives no account at all of the way in which Davidson influenced the revision of the coronation rite.