Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T03:46:42.048Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Prices, Planners, and Producers: an Agency Problem in Soviet Industry, 1928–1950

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2009

Mark Harrison
Affiliation:
Professor of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.

Abstract

Soviet planners developed the “unchanged prices of 1926/27” to facilitate the solution of an agency problem—the regulation of self-interested producers as they worked to fulfill plans for heterogeneous products denominated in rubles. The system limited but did not eliminate producers' opportunistic behavior, which took the form of inflating the plan prices of new products. Through the 1930s and 1940s the “unchanged” prices proved resistant to reform, and following their abolition in 1950 the system was soon afterwards reinstated with a new base year. The history of the “unchanged” prices illustrates the limits of command.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arrow, Kenneth J. “The Economics of Agency.” In Principals and Agents: The Stucture of Business, edited by Pratt, John W. and Zeckhauser, Richard J., 3751. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Bergson, Abram. The Real National Inocme of Soviet Russia since 1928. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
Berliner, Joseph S.Factory and Manager in the USSR. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berliner, Joseph S.The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Berliner, Joseph S. “Planning and Management.” In The Soviet Economy: Toward the Year 2000, edited by Bergson, A. and Levine, H. S., 350–90. London: Allen & Uniwin, 1983.Google Scholar
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Foreign Assessment Center. An Analysis of the Behavior of Soviet Machinery Prices, 1960–1973, ER79–10631. Washington, DC: GPO, 1979.Google Scholar
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Comparing Planned and Actual Growth of Industrial Output in Centrally planned Economies, ER 80–10461. Washington DC: GPO, 1980.Google Scholar
Clark, Colin. “Russina Inocme and Production Statistics.” Review of Economic Statistics, 29, no. 4 (1947): 215–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. W. “Industry.” In The Economic Transformation of the USSR, 1913–1945, edited by Davies, R. W., Harrison, Mark, and Wheatcroft, S. G., 131–57. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press, 1944.Google Scholar
W, Davies R.. The Indusrialisation of Soviet Russia, Vol. 4. Crisis and Progress in the Soviet Economy, 1931–33. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1996.Google Scholar
Dobb, Maurice. “Further Appraisasl of Russian Economic Stastistics.” Review of Economics and Statistics 30, no. 1 (1948): 3438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobb, Maurice. “Comment on Soviet Eocnomic Statistics.” Soviet Studies 1, no. 1 (1949): 1827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerschenkron, Alexander. “The Soviet Indices of Industrial Production.” Review of Economic Statistics 29, no. 4 (1947): 217–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert J.The Measurement of Durable Goods Prices. Chicago and London: University of Ghicago Press and National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granick, David. Management of the Industrial Firm in the USSR. New York: Clumbia University Press, 1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Paul R.Restructuring the Soviet Economic Bureaucracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Seymour. “Appraisals of Russian Econmic Statistics: Introduction.” Review of Economic Statistics 29, no. 4 (1947), 213–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, Mark. “Soviet Industrial Production, 1928–1950: Real Growth, Hidden Inflation, and the ‘Unchanged Prices of 1926/27’.” University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Working Paper no. 9705, 1997.Google Scholar
Harrison, Mark, and Nikolai, Simonov. “Voenpriemka: Prices, Costs, and Quality Assurance in Defence Industry.” In The Soviet Defence-Industry Complex form Stalin to Khruschev, edited by Barber, J. D. and Harrison, M.. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, in press.Google Scholar
Hodgman, Donald R.Soviet Industrial Production, 1928–1951. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasny, Naum. “Soviet Statistics.” Review of Economic Statistics, 32, no. 1 (1950), 9299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasny, Naum. The Soviet Price System. Stanford, CA: Stanfrod University Press, 1951.Google Scholar
Jasny, Naum. The Soviet Economy during the Plan Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,1951.Google Scholar
Kaser, Michael. “Le DÉbat sur la Loi de la Valeur en URSS. Étude RÉtropective 1941–1953.” Anmuaire de l'URSS, CNRS: Paris: 1965.Google Scholar
Kaser, Michael. “Soviet Planning and the Pric Mechanism.” Economic Journal 60, no. 237 (1950): 8191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanin, G. I., and Selyunin, V.. “Lukavaia tsifra [A Deceptive Figure]. Novyi mir, no. 2 (1987): 181201.Google Scholar
Kornai, János. The Socialist System: the Political Economy of Communism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Kotowitz, Yehuda. “Moral Hazard.” In The New Palgrave: a Dictionary of Economics, vol. 3, edited by Eatwell, John, Milgate, Murray, and Newman, Peter, 549–51. Busingstoke and London; Macmillan, 1987.Google Scholar
Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin's Industrial Revolution: Politics and Workers, 1928–1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
N, Malafeev A.. Istoriia tsenoobrazovaniia v SSSR [ History of Price Formation in the USSR]. Moscow: Mysl', 1964.Google Scholar
Moorsteen, Richard. Prices and production of Machinery in the Soviet Union, 1928–1958. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Nove, Alec. “‘1926/7’ and All That.” Soviet Studies 9, no. 2 (1957): 117–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nove, Alec. The Soviet Economy. London: Allen and Unwin, 1961.Google Scholar
Warren, Nutter G.. The Growth of Industrial Production in the Soviet Union. Princeton, NJ: National Bureau for Economic Research and Princeton University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Pannell, Kerry Ellen. “Preparing for War: the Organization of Soviet Central Planning.” Paper to the All-Universtiy of California Group in Economic Histroy Conference on Economic Transitions Between War and Peace. Sant Barabara, CA, 1997.Google Scholar
Pitzer, John S.. “The Tenability of the CIA Estimates of Soviet Economic Growth: a commetn.” Journal of Comparative Economics 14, no. 2 (1990): 301–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, Stephen A.. “The Economic Theory of Agency: the Principal's Problem.” American Economic Review 63, no. 2 (1973): 134–39.Google Scholar
Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Ekonomiki [Russian State Economics Archive] (RGAE). Moscow.Google Scholar
I, Rostshtein A.. Problemy promyshlennoi statistiki [Problems of Industiral Statistics]. Vol. 1. Leningrad: Gos. sots.-ekon. izdgtel'stvo, 1936.Google Scholar
Seton, Francis. “Pre-war Soviet Prices in the Light of the 1941 Plan.” Soviet Studies 3, no. 4 (1952): 345–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starovskii, V. “O metodike sopostaveleniia ekonomicheskikh pokazatelei SSR i SShA [On the Methodology of Comparison of Economic Indicators of the USSR and USA].” Voprosy ekonomiki, no. 4 (1960): 103–17.Google Scholar
Tsentral'noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie SSSR (TsSU).Universal'nyi spravochnik tsen [Universal Handbook of Prices]. 3rd ed. Moscow: Gosstatizdat, 1928.Google Scholar
Tsentral'noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie SSSR (TsSU). Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSR v 1967 godu [The National Economy of the USSR in 1967]. Moscow: Statistika, 1968.Google Scholar
Turetskii, I. “K probleme tsenovykh pokazatelei plane [On the problem of price indicators in the plan].” Plan, no. 5 (1934): 3841.Google Scholar
Turetskii, Sh. Ia. “Dlia chego planiruetsia produktsiia v neizmenykh tsen 1926–27 g. [Why Production is Planned in the Unchanged Prices of 1926–27].” Plan, 1935, no. 11: 6264.Google Scholar
Turetskii, Sh. Ia. Vnutripromyshlennoe nakoplenie v SSSR ]Intra-Industry Accumulation in the USSR] Moscow: Gospolitizdat: 1948.Google Scholar
Voznesenskii, N. A.Izbrannye proizvedeniia [Selected Works]. Moscow: Politizdat, 1985.Google Scholar
Wiles, P. J. D.The Political Economy of Communism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1962.Google Scholar
Williamson, Oliver E.The Mechanisms of Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yugow, A.Economic Statistics in the USSR.” Review of Economic Statistics 29, no. 4 (1947): 242–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar