Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:33:29.725Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“Colonial Psychology” and Race

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2011

H Hoetink
H Hoetink
Affiliation:
Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

If “colonial politics” denotes the objectives of a metropolitan power vis-à-vis its colony, then, for purposes of this paper, we may define “colonial psychology” as the frame of reference that determines the attitudes of “metropolitans” vis-à-vis the “colonial problem.” By “metropolitans” we mean the inhabitants of those Western societies that are linked to part of the non-West by the historical, political, economic and psychological ties that have always accentuated the dominance of the West. By “colony” we shall here mean only the areas with a multiracial population of which a white element considers itself so integrally a part that it feels itself more strongly associated with its own “colonial” society than with the metropolitan country of its origins.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 1961 , pp. 629 - 640
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1961

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Cash, W. J., The Mind of the South (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1941)Google Scholar, may move in the required direction, and Freyre's, G., Masters and Slaves (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1946)Google Scholar, may, in this respect, approximate our ideal; both authors are “native whites” themselves.

2 Hoetink, H., Het Patroon van de oxide Curafaose Samenleving (Assen, Holland: Van Gorcum, 1958)Google Scholar.

3 E.g., Tannenbaum, Frank, Slave and Citizen (New YorkGoogle Scholar: A. A. Knopf, 1947), pp. 112, 116; also in tests, e.g., Meltzer, H., “Group Differences in Nationality and Race Preferences of Children,” Sociometry, 2: 86–105 (1939)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 Braithwaite, L., “Social Stratification in Trinidad,” Social and Economic Studies, II, and III (October 1953), 91Google Scholar.

6 Ch. , Wagley, Race and Class in Rural Brazil (Paris: UNESCO, 1952), p. 153Google Scholar.

6 Smith, R. T., The Negro Family in British Guiana (London: Routledge & Paul, 1952)Google Scholar; for a critique, Hoetink, H., “Gezinsvormen in het Caribisch gebied,” Mens en Maatschappij (May–June 1961), pp. 81–93Google Scholar.

7 Leiris, M., Contacts de civilisation en Martinique et en Guadeloupe (Paris: UNESCO/Galli-mard, 1955)Google Scholar.

8 E.g., Wagley, Race and Class.

9 , Tannenbaum, Slave and Citizen, p. 4Google Scholar, speaks about “the Negro, especially the Mulatto.” Widi respect to Donald Pierson's Negroes in Brazil (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1942)Google Scholar, Cahnman already observed that this book “stands for a type of literature which is most revealing if read between the lines. It reveals, that the main practical difference between Anglo-American and Latin-American race attitudes is in the position of the Mulatto radier than the Negro.” Cahnman, W. J., “The Mediterranean and Caribbean Region, a Comparison in Race and Culture,” Social Forces, XXII (October 1943-May 1944), 210, note 5Google Scholar.

10 “Generally speaking, if one should examine the existing literature on the Brazilian race situation produced by scholars or by Brazilian or North American observers, one would notice that the Brazilian writers, influenced by the ideology of race relations characteristic of Brazil, have a tendency to deny or underestimate the prejudice that exists in Brazil, while North Americans … have difficulty in observing it in the way it exists in Brazil.” Nogueira, O., “Skin Color and Social Class,” Plantation Systems of the New World (Washington, D. C: Pan American Union, 1959), p. 169.Google Scholar Cf. Ramos, G., “Patologia social do ‘branco' brasileiro,” Journal do Commercio (Rio de Janeiro), 1955Google Scholar.

11 Toynbee, A. J., The World and the West (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1953)Google Scholar.

12 Romein, J., “Zekerheid en onzekerheid in de Geschiedwetenschap,” In opdracht van de Tijd (Amsterdam: Querido, 1946)Google Scholar.

13 Berkeley-Hill, O., “The Color-Question from a psychoanalytical Standpoint,” Psychoanalytical Review, XI (1924).Google ScholarFanon, F., Peau noire, masques blancs (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1952)Google Scholar.

14 Dollard, John, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949)Google Scholar.

15 Gobineau, De, Essai sur I'inegaliti des races (4 vols.; Paris, 1853-1855)Google Scholar.

16 Cf. Klineberg, Otto and others, Characteristics of the American Negro (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944)Google Scholar.

17 Stonequist, E., The Marginal Man (New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1937)Google Scholar.

18 R, A. J. Van Lier, Samenleving in een grensgebied (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1949)Google Scholar, and his Development and Character of West Indian Society (The Hague, 1950)Google Scholar.

19 Smith, M. G., “Social and Cultural Pluralism,” Annals, New York Academy of Sciences, 83:5 (New York, 1960), pp. 774–75Google Scholar.

20 By which we mean a society originally divided into two segments.

21 Frazier, E. F., “Introduction,” Caribbean Studies, A Symposium (Jamaica: Institute of Social & Economic Research, Univ. College of the West Indies, 1958), p. viGoogle Scholar; Davie, M. A., Negroes in American Society (New York: Whittlesey House, 1949), p. 45Google Scholar.

22 James, P. E., Latin America (New York: Odyssey Press, 1942)Google Scholar; Smith, T. Lynn, Brazil, People and Institutions (Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1946)Google Scholar.

23 , Tannenbaum, Slave and Citizen; also Cahnman, “The Mediterranean and Caribbean Region.”Google Scholar

24 Nieboer, H. J., Slavery as an Industrial System (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1909)Google Scholar; Mintz, S., “Labor and Sugar in Puerto Rico and Jamaica, 1800-1850,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, I, 3 (1959)Google Scholar; Hoetink, H., “Diferencias en relaciones raciales entre Surinam y Curasao,” Ciencias Sodales, to be publishedGoogle Scholar.

25 , Tannenbaum, Slave and Citizen; Nogueira, “Skin Color and Social Class”Google Scholar; , Freyre, Masters and Slaves; Freyre, Interpretaçao do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio, 1947)Google Scholar; Morese, R. M., “Toward a Theory of Spanish-American Government,” Journal of the History of Ideas, XV, 1 (January 1954)Google Scholar; Pierson, D., “Race Relations in Portuguese America,” Race Relations in World Perspective (Honolulu, 1955)Google Scholar; Rogles, C. C., “The Morality of Race Mixing in Puerto Rico,” Social Forces, XXV, 1 (November 1946)Google Scholar; Blanco, T., El prejuicio racial en Puerto Rice (San Juan: Editorial Biblioteca de Autores Puertorriquenos, 1948)Google Scholar.

26 , Tannenbaum, Slave and Citizen, pp. 112, 116.Google Scholar One could object that only in the year 2040 will the Brazilians have had their slave trade abolished for as many years as has the United States today.

27 Cf. Weber, Max, Grundriss der Sozialökpnomik., II; Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, II; Typen der Vergcmeinschaftung und Vergesellschaftung, III, 216–17 (Tübingen, 1922)Google Scholar.

28 Max Weber, idem. Banton, M., White and Coloured; the Behaviour of British People Towards Coloured Immigrants (London: J. Cape, 1959), p. 144.Google Scholar Rogler speaks of “race distance,” without defining this concept. Rogler, C. C., “The Role of Semantics in the Study of Race Distance in Puerto Rico,” Social Forces, XXII (November 1943-May 1944)Google Scholar.

29 E.g., , Klineberg, Characteristics of the American Negro, p. 217Google Scholar.

30 , Banton, White and Coloured, p. 143Google Scholar.

31 Hoetink, H., De gespleten Satnenleving in het Caribisch gebied; bijdrage tot de sociologie der ras-relaties (Assen, Holland: Van Gorcum, 1961)Google Scholar.