Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T09:05:46.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Market Sentiment and Innovation Activities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2018

Abstract

We investigate potential mechanisms through which market-wide sentiment affects firms’ innovation activities. We provide evidence for the financing channel by showing that financially constrained firms are more likely to issue equity and invest more in research and development (R&D) than financially unconstrained firms at high market sentiment. Using time-varying manager sentiment measures, we find suggestive evidence for a sentiment spillover channel whereby market sentiment affects R&D investments through influencing manager sentiment. Furthermore, better patent portfolios are produced from R&D investments stimulated by high market sentiment. Market sentiment has a stronger impact on R&D than the capital expenditures of financially constrained firms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

We thank an anonymous referee, Viral Acharya, Soku Byoun, Gary Gorton, Paul Malatesta (the editor), Bernard Salanie, Robert Shiller, Harald Uhlig, and participants at the 2013 Applied Economics Workshop at Columbia University and the 2014 Tsinghua University Finance Workshop for very helpful comments.

References

Acharya, V.; Almeida, H.; and Campello, M.. “Is Cash Negative Debt? A Hedging Perspective on Corporate Financial Policies.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16 (2007), 515554.Google Scholar
Aghion, P., and Howitt, P.. “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction.” Econometrica, 60 (1992), 323351.Google Scholar
Alti, A.How Sensitive Is Investment to Cash Flow When Financing Is Frictionless?Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 707722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arif, S., and Lee, C. M.. “Aggregate Investment and Investor Sentiment.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 32413279.Google Scholar
Asch, S. E.Effects of Group Pressure upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgment.” In Groups, Leadership and Men, Guetzkow, H., ed. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press (1951).Google Scholar
Asch, S. E.Opinions and Social Pressure.” Scientific American, 193 (1955), 3135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asquith, P., and Mullins, D.. “Equity Issues and Offering Dilution.” Journal of Financial Economics, 15 (1986), 6189.Google Scholar
Baker, M.; Stein, J.; and Wurgler, J.. “When Does the Market Matter? Stock Prices and the Investment of Equity-Dependent Firms.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (2003), 9691006.Google Scholar
Baker, M., and Wurgler, J.. “Investor Sentiment and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 16451680.Google Scholar
Bakke, T. E., and Whited, T.. “Which Firms Follow the Market? An Analysis of Corporate Investment Decisions.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 19411980.Google Scholar
Becker-Blease, J. R., and Paul, D. L.. “Stock Liquidity and Investment Opportunities: Evidence from Index Additions.” Financial Management, 35 (2006), 3551.Google Scholar
Bernanke, B.; Gertler, M.; and Gilchrist, S.. “The Financial Accelerator and the Flight to Quality.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (1996), 115.Google Scholar
Blanchard, O.; Rhee, C.; and Summers, L.. “The Stock Market, Profit, and Investment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (1993), 115136.Google Scholar
Bond, P.; Edmans, A.; and Goldstein, I.. “The Real Effects of Financial Markets.” Annual Review of Financial Economics, 4 (2012), 339360.Google Scholar
Brown, J. R.; Martinsson, G.; and Petersen, B. C.. “Law, Stock Markets, and Innovation.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 15171549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caballero, R.; Farhi, E.; and Hammour, M.. “Speculative Growth: Hints from the U.S. Economy.” American Economic Review, 96 (2006), 11591192.Google Scholar
Campbell, T. C.; Gallmeyer, M.; Johnson, S.; Rutherford, J.; and Stanley, B.. “CEO Optimism and Forced Turnover.” Journal of Financial Economics, 101 (2011), 695712.Google Scholar
Chen, H., and Chen, S.. “Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity Cannot Be a Good Measure of Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Time Series.” Journal of Financial Economics, 103 (2012), 393410.Google Scholar
Chen, Q.; Goldstein, I.; and Jiang, W.. “Price Informativeness and Investment Sensitivity to Stock Price.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 619650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirinko, R., and Schaller, H.. “Business Fixed Investment and ‘Bubbles’: The Japanese Case.” American Economic Review, 91 (2001), 663680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleary, S.The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 673692.Google Scholar
De Long, J. B.; Shleifer, A.; Summers, L. H.; and Waldmann, R. J.. “The Size and Incidence of the Losses from Noise Trading.” Journal of Finance, 44 (1989), 681696.Google Scholar
Edmans, A.; Goldstein, I.; and Jiang, W.. “The Real Effects of Financial Markets: The Impact of Prices on Takeovers.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012), 933971.Google Scholar
Erickson, T.; Jiang, C. H.; and Whited, T. M.. “Minimum Distance Estimation of the Errors-in-Variables Model Using Linear Cumulant Equations.” Journal of Econometrics, 183 (2014), 211221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erickson, T., and Whited, T. M.. “Measurement Error and the Relationship between Investment and q .” Journal of Political Economy, 108 (2000), 10271057.Google Scholar
Fang, V. W.; Tian, X.; and Tice, S.. “Does Stock Liquidity Enhance or Impede Firm Innovation?Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 20852125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazzari, S. M.; Hubbard, R. G.; and Petersen, B.. “Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1988), 141195.Google Scholar
Fazzari, S. M.; Hubbard, G. R.; and Petersen, B. C.. “Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Are Useful: A Comment on Kaplan and Zingales.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (2000), 695705.Google Scholar
Frank, M., and Goyal, V.. “Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 217248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilchrist, S.; Himmelberg, C.; and Huberman, G.. “Do Stock Price Bubbles Influence Corporate Investment?Journal of Monetary Economics, 52 (2005), 805827.Google Scholar
Gomes, J.Financing Investment.” American Economic Review, 91 (2001), 12631285.Google Scholar
Grullon, G.; Michenaud, S.; and Weston, J.. “The Real Effects of Short-Selling Constraints.” Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2015), 17371767.Google Scholar
Hadlock, C. J., and Pierce, J. R.. “New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving beyond the KZ Index.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 19091940.Google Scholar
Hall, B. H.; Jaffe, A. B.; and Trajtenberg, M.. “The NBER Patent and Citation Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools.” NBER Working Paper No. 8498 (2001).Google Scholar
Hall, B. H., and Lerner, J.. “The Financing of R&D and Innovation.” In Handbook of Economics and Innovation, Hall, B. H. and Rosenberg, N., eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, North-Holland (2010).Google Scholar
He, J., and Tian, X.. “Short Sellers and Innovation: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment.” Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2380352 (2014).Google Scholar
Holmstrom, B., and Tirole, J.. “Financial Intermediation, Loanable Funds, and the Real Sector.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (1997), 663691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovakimian, A.; Opler, T.; and Titman, S.. “The Debt-Equity Choice.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 36 (2001), 124.Google Scholar
Jermann, U., and Quadrini, V.. “Stock Market Boom and the Productivity Gains of the 1990s.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 54 (2007), 413432.Google Scholar
Jung, K.; Kim, Y. C.; and Stulz, R. M.. “Timing, Investment Opportunities, Managerial Discretion, and Security Issue Decision.” Journal of Financial Economics, 42 (1996), 159185.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S., and Zingales, L.. “Do Financing Constraints Explain Why Investment Is Correlated with Cash Flow?Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (1997), 169215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keynes, J. M.An Economic Analysis of Unemployment.” In Collected Writings, Vol. XII, London: Macmillan (1931).Google Scholar
Lamont, O., and Stein, J.. “Investor Sentiment and Corporate Finance: Micro and Macro.” American Economic Review, 96 (2006), 147151.Google Scholar
Lewellen, J., and Lewellen, K.. “Investment and Cash Flow: New Evidence.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51 (2016), 11351164.Google Scholar
Malmendier, U., and Tate, G.. “CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 26602700.Google Scholar
Malmendier, U., and Tate, G.. “Who Makes Acquisitions? CEO Overconfidence and the Market’s Reaction.” Journal of Financial Economics, 89 (2008), 2043.Google Scholar
McLean, R. D., and Zhao, M.. “The Business Cycle, Investor Sentiment, and Costly External Finance.” Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 13771409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morck, R.; Shleifer, A.; and Vishny, R.. “The Stock Market and Investment: Is the Market a Side Show?Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2 (1990), 157215.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. Age of the Crowd: A Historical Treatise on Mass Psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (1985).Google Scholar
Olivier, J.Growth-Enhancing Bubbles.” International Economic Review, 41 (2000), 133151.Google Scholar
Polk, C., and Sapienza, P.. “The Stock Market and Corporate Investment: A Test of Catering Theory.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 187217.Google Scholar
Romer, P. M.Endogenous Technological Change.” Journal of Political Economy, 98 (1990), 71102.Google Scholar
Sherif, M.A Study of Some Social Factors in Perception.” Archives of Psychology, 27 (1935), 2346.Google Scholar
Shiller, R.Stock Prices and Social Dynamics.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2 (1984), 457498.Google Scholar
Sibley, S.; Xing, Y.; and Zhang, X.. “Is  ‘Sentiment’  Sentimental?”  Working Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2176348 (2013).Google Scholar
Tirole, J. The Theory of Corporate Finance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2006).Google Scholar
Turner, J. C. Social Influence. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press (1991).Google Scholar
Whited, T., and Wu, G.. “Financial Constraints Risk.” Review of Financial Studies, 19 (2006), 531559.Google Scholar