Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T07:55:38.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Value of Early Exercise in Option Prices: An Empirical Investigation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Abstract

Previous studies in the valuation of American options apparently undervalue the right of early exercise. This study uses actual prices from the CBOE's S&P 100 option instead of model-generated values. Deviations from the theoretical put-call parity relationship are caused by the possibility of early exercise. These deviations are used to infer the value of early exercise. The actual value of early exercise is both statistically and economically significant. As expected from theoretical considerations, the value of early exercise for put options is greater than for call options.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barone-Adesi, G., and Whaley, R. E.. “Efficient Analytic Approximation of American Option Values.” Journal of Finance, 42 (06 1987), 301320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, F., and Scholes, M. S.. “The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities.” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (0506 1973), 637654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blomeyer, E. C.An Analytical Approximation for the American Put Price for Options on Stocks with Dividends.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 21 (06 1986), 229233.Google Scholar
Blomeyer, E. C., and Johnson, H.. “An Empirical Examination of the Pricing of American Put Options.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23 (03 1988), 1322.Google Scholar
Brenner, M., and Galai, D.. “Implied Interest Rates.” Journal of Business, 59 (07 1986), 493507.Google Scholar
Cox, J. C.; Ingersoll, J. E.; and Ross, S. A.. “A Theory of the Term Structure of Interest Rates.” Econometrica, 53 (03 1985), 385407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, J. C., and Ross, S. A.. “The Valuation of Options for Alternative Stochastic Processes.” Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (01/03 1976), 145166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evnine, J., and Rudd, A.. “Index Options: The Early Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 40 (07 1985), 743756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geske, R., and Johnson, H. E.. “The American Put Valued Analytically.” Journal of Finance, 39 (12 1984), 15111524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geske, R., and Roll, R.. “On Valuing American Call Options with the Black-Scholes European Formula.” Journal of Finance, 39 (06 1984), 443455.Google Scholar
Geske, R., and Shastri, K.. “Valuation by Approximation: A Comparison of Alternative Valuation Techniques.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 20 (03 1985), 4571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, J., and White, A.. “The Use of the Control Variate Technique in Option Pricing.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23 (09 1988), 237251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, H. E.An Analytic Approximation for the American Put Option.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 18 (03 1983), 141148.Google Scholar
Johnson, H., and Shanno, D.. “Option Pricing when the Variance is Changing.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 22 (06 1987), 143151.Google Scholar
Klemkosky, R. C., and Resnick, B. G.. “Put-Call Parity and Market Efficiency.” Journal of Finance, 34 (12 1979), 11411155.Google Scholar
MacBeth, J. D., and Merville, L. J.. “An Empirical Examination of the Black-Scholes Call Option Pricing Model.” Journal of Finance, 34 (12 1979), 11731186.Google Scholar
Merton, R. C.The Theory of Rational Option Pricing.” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 4 (Spring 1973a), 141183.Google Scholar
Merton, R. C.The Relationship between Put and Call Option Prices: Comment.” Journal of Finance, 28 (03 1973b), 183184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merville, L. J., and Pieptea, D. R.. “On the Stochastic Nature of the Stock Price Variance Rate and Strike Price Bias in Option Pricing.” Working Paper, Univ. of Texas at Dallas (12 1985).Google Scholar
Nunn, K. P. Jr; Hill, J.; and Schneeweis, T.. “Corporate Bond Price Data Sources and Return/Risk Measurement.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 21 (06 1986), 197208.Google Scholar
Overdahl, J. A.The Early Exercise of Options on Treasury Bond Futures.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23 (12 1988), 437449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterk, W. E.Comparative Performance of the Black-Scholes and Roll-Geske-Whaley Option Pricing Models.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 18 (09 1983), 345354.Google Scholar
Stoll, H. R.The Relationship between Put and Call Prices.” Journal of Finance, 24 (12 1969), 810822.Google Scholar
Stoll, H. R., and Whaley, R. E.. “New Option Instruments: Arbitrageable Linkages and Valuation.” Advances in Futures and Options Research, 1 (1986), 2562.Google Scholar
Whaley, R. E.Valuation of American Call Options on Dividend-Paying Stocks: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Financial Economics, 10 (03 1982), 2958.Google Scholar