Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T08:24:07.678Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Credibility of Open Market Share Repurchase Signaling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2012

Ilona Babenko
Affiliation:
ibabenko@asu.edu
Yuri Tserlukevich
Affiliation:
yura@asu.edu, Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, PO Box 873906, Tempe, AZ 85287
Alexander Vedrashko
Affiliation:
awv@sfu.ca, Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada

Abstract

Open market share repurchase announcements are commonly associated with equity undervaluation, but their signal about firm value can often be misleading. We conjecture that executives who buy shares of their firm before an announcement add credibility to the undervaluation signal. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that announcement returns are positively related to past insider purchases, especially for firms that are priced less efficiently. Firms whose insiders bought more shares are also more likely to complete their repurchase plans. Finally, we find that insider purchases predict post-announcement stock returns.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboody, D.; Hughes, J.; Liu, J.; and Su, W.. “Are Executive Stock Option Exercises Driven by Private Information?Review of Accounting Studies, 13 (2008), 551570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babenko, I.Share Repurchases and Pay-Performance Sensitivity of Employee Compensation Contracts.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 117150.Google Scholar
Babenko, I., and Sen, R.. “Do Non-Executive Employees Have Information? Evidence from Employee Stock Purchase Plans.” Working Paper, Arizona State University (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, G. P., and Hall, B. J.. “CEO Incentives and Firm Size.” Journal of Labor Economics, 22 (2004), 767798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, S.; Kaniel, R.; and Kremer, I.. “Price Drift as an Outcome of Differences in Higher-Order Beliefs.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 37073734.Google Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “Detecting Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test Statistics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 341372.Google Scholar
Bebchuk, L.; Cohen, A.; and Ferrell, A.. “What Matters in Corporate Governance?Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 783827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benartzi, S.; Michaely, R.; and Thaler, R.. “Do Changes in Dividends Signal the Future or the Past?Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 10071034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billett, M. T., and Xue, H.. “The Takeover Deterrent Effect of Open Market Share Repurchases.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 18271850.Google Scholar
Bonaimé, A., and Ryngaert, M.. “Insider Trading and Share Repurchases: Do Insiders and Firms Trade in the Same Direction? “ Working Paper, University of Florida (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brav, A.; Graham, J. R.; Harvey, C. R.; and Michaely, R.. “Payout Policy in the 21st Century.” Journal of Financial Economics, 77 (2005), 483527.Google Scholar
Brockman, P., and Chung, D. Y.. “Managerial Timing and Corporate Liquidity: Evidence from Actual Share Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 61 (2001), 417448.Google Scholar
Brockman, P.; Khurana, I. K.; and Martin, X.. “Voluntary Disclosures around Share Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 89 (2008), 175191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. J., and Warner, J. B.. “Using Daily Stock Returns: The Case of Event Studies.” Journal of Financial Economics, 14 (1985), 331.Google Scholar
Cadman, B.; Klasa, S.; and Matsunaga, S.. “Determinants of CEO Pay: A Comparison of ExecuComp and Non-ExecuComp Firms.” Accounting Review, 85 (2010), 15111543.Google Scholar
Chan, K.; Ikenberry, D.; and Lee, I.. “Economic Sources of Gain in Share Repurchases.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 39 (2004), 461479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, K.; Ikenberry, D. L.; Lee, I.; and Wang, Y.. “Share Repurchases as a Tool to Mislead Investors.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 16 (2010), 137158.Google Scholar
Comment, R., and Jarrell, G. A.. “The Relative Signalling Power of Dutch-Auction and Fixed-Price Self-Tender Offers and Open-Market Share Repurchases.” Journal of Finance, 46 (1991), 12431271.Google Scholar
Constantinides, G. M., and Grundy, B. D.. “Optimal Investment with Stock Repurchase and Financing as Signals.” Review of Financial Studies, 2 (1989), 445465.Google Scholar
Core, J. E., and Larcker, D. F.. “Performance Consequences of Mandatory Increases in Executive Stock Ownership.” Journal of Financial Economics, 64 (2002), 317340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corwin, S. A. “The Determinants of Underpricing for Seasoned Equity Offers.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 22492279.Google Scholar
Diether, K. B.; Malloy, C. J.; and Scherbina, A.. “Difference of Opinion and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 21132141.Google Scholar
Dittmar, A. K. “Why Do Firms Repurchase Stock?Journal of Business, 73 (2000), 331355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Mello, R., and Shroff, P. K.. “Equity Undervaluation and Decisions Related to Repurchase Tender Offers: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 23992424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K. R.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.Google Scholar
Fenn, G. W., and Liang, N.. “Corporate Payout Policy and Managerial Stock Incentives.” Journal of Financial Economics, 60 (2001), 4572.Google Scholar
Fidrmuc, J. P.; Goergen, M.; and Renneboog, L.. “Insider Trading, News Releases, and Ownership Concentration.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 29312973.Google Scholar
Fried, J. M. “Open Market Repurchases: Signaling or Managerial Opportunism?Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 2 (2001), 865894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gong, G.; Louis, H.; and Sun, A. X.. “Earnings Management and Firm Performance Following Open Market Repurchases.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 947986.Google Scholar
Grullon, G., and Michaely, R.. “Dividends, Share Repurchases, and the Substitution Hypothesis.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 16491684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grullon, G., and Michaely, R.. “The Information Content of Share Repurchase Programs.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 651680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helwege, J.; Pirinsky, C.; and Stulz, R. M.. “Why Do Firms Become Widely Held? An Analysis of the Dynamics of Corporate Ownership.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 9951028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H.; Lim, T.; and Stein, J. C.. “Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage, and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 265295.Google Scholar
Hong, H., and Stein, J. C.. “A Unified Theory of Underreaction, Momentum Trading, and Overreaction in Asset Markets.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 21432184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, K. M.; He, J.; and Kao, G. W.. “One-Time Cash Flow Announcements and Free Cash-Flow Theory: Share Repurchases and Special Dividends.” Journal of Finance, 47 (1992), 19631975.Google Scholar
Ikenberry, D.; Lakonishok, J.; and Vermaelen, T.. “Market Underreaction to Open Market Share Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 39 (1995), 181208.Google Scholar
Isagawa, N.Open-Market Repurchase Announcements and Stock Price Behavior in Inefficient Markets.” Financial Management, 31 (2002), 520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jagannathan, M.; Stephens, C. P.; and Weisbach, M. S.. “Financial Flexibility and the Choice between Dividends and Stock Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 57 (2000), 355384.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. C. “Agency Cost of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers.” American Economic Review, 76 (1986), 323329.Google Scholar
Jin, L.CEO Compensation, Diversification, and Incentives.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 2963.Google Scholar
John, K., and Mishra, B.. “Information Content of Insider Trading around Corporate Announcements: The Case of Capital Expenditures.” Journal of Finance, 45 (1990), 835855.Google Scholar
Kahl, M.; Liu, J.; and Longstaff, F. A.. “Paper Millionaires: How Valuable Is the Stock to a Stockholder Who Is Restricted from Selling It?Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 385410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahle, K. M. “When a Buyback Isn’t a Buyback: Open Market Repurchases and Employee Options.” Journal of Financial Economics, 63 (2002), 235261.Google Scholar
Kothari, S. P., and Warner, J. B.. “Econometrics of Event Studies.” In Handbook of Corporate Finance, Vol. 1, Eckbo, B. E., ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland (2007), 336.Google Scholar
Krishnaswami, S., and Subramaniam, V.. “Information Asymmetry, Valuation, and the Corporate Spinoff Decision.” Journal of Financial Economics, 53 (1999), 73112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakonishok, J., and Lee, I.. “Are Insider Trades Informative?Review of Financial Studies, 14 (2001), 79111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, L. H. P., and Litzenberger, R. H.. “Dividend Announcements: Cash Flow Signaling vs. Free Cash Flow Hypothesis?Journal of Financial Economics, 24 (1989), 181191.Google Scholar
Lee, D. S.; Mikkelson, W. H.; and Partch, M. M.. “Managers’ Trading around Stock Repurchases.” Journal of Finance, 67 (1992), 19471961.Google Scholar
Leland, H. E., and Pyle, D. H.. “Information Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and the Intermediation.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 371387.Google Scholar
Lie, E.Excess Funds and Agency Problems: An Empirical Study of Incremental Cash Disbursements.” Review of Financial Studies, 13 (2000), 219247.Google Scholar
Lie, E., and Lie, H. J.. “The Role of Personal Taxes in Corporate Decisions: An Empirical Analysis of Share Repurchases and Dividends.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 34 (1999), 533552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughran, T., and Ritter, J. R.. “Uniformly Least Powerful Tests of Market Efficiency.” Journal of Financial Economics, 55 (2000), 361389.Google Scholar
Louis, H., and White, H.. “Do Managers Intentionally Use Repurchase Tender Offers to Signal Private Information? Evidence from Firm Financial Reporting Behavior.” Journal of Financial Economics, 85 (2007), 205233.Google Scholar
Massa, M.; Rehman, Z.; and Vermaelen, T.. “Mimicking Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 84 (2007), 624666.Google Scholar
Maxwell, W. F., and Stephens, C. P.. “The Wealth Effects of Repurchases on Bondholders.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 895919.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M. L., and Stafford, E.. “Managerial Decisions and Long-Term Stock Price Performance.” Journal of Business, 73 (2000), 287329.Google Scholar
Newey, W. K., and West, K. D.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.Google Scholar
Oded, J. “Why Do Firms Announce Open-Market Repurchase Programs?Review of Financial Studies, 18 (2005), 271300.Google Scholar
Ofek, E., and Yermack, D.. “Taking Stock: Equity-Based Compensation and the Evolution of Managerial Ownership.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 13671384.Google Scholar
Ofer, A. R., and Thakor, A. V.. “A Theory of Stock Price Responses to Alternative Corporate Cash Disbursement Methods: Stock Repurchases and Dividends.” Journal of Finance, 42 (1987), 365394.Google Scholar
Petersen, M. A. “Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 435480.Google Scholar
Peyer, U. C., and Vermaelen, T.. “The Nature and Persistence of Buyback Anomalies.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 16931745.Google Scholar
Ravina, E., and Sapienza, P.. “What Do Independent Directors Know? Evidence from Their Trading.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 9621003.Google Scholar
Schultz, P.Pseudo Market Timing and the Long-Run Underperformance of IPOs.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 483517.Google Scholar
Seyhun, H. N. “Insiders’ Profits, Costs of Trading, and Market Efficiency.” Journal of Financial Economics, 16 (1986), 189212.Google Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. W.. “The Limits of Arbitrage.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 3555.Google Scholar
Skinner, D. J. “The Evolving Relation between Earnings, Dividends, and Stock Repurchases.” Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2008), 582609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, C. P., and Weisbach, M. S.. “Actual Share Reacquisitions in Open-Market Share Repurchase Programs.” Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 313333.Google Scholar
Vermaelen, T.Common Stock Repurchases and Market Signaling.” Journal of Financial Economics, 9 (1981), 139183.Google Scholar
Wang, W.; Shin, Y.-C.; and Francis, B. B.. “Are CFOs’ Trades More Informative Than CEOs’ Trades?Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47 (2012), 743762.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. F. “Information Uncertainty and Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 105137.Google Scholar