Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T09:49:12.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Effect of Changing Expectations upon Stock Returns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Extract

The relationship between heterogeneous expectations on the part of investors with respect to a security's future return and asset prices is an area of increasing interest in finance. Theoretical examples include Miller [14], Williams [23], and Jarrow [8]. Empirical examples include Bart and Masse [1] and Peterson and Peterson [18]. Miller, Bart and Masse, and Peterson and Peterson address issues related to whether an increase in divergence of opinion will lead to an increase in an asset's price. Unfortunately, little is known of how different types of changes in investors' probability distributions of returns influence asset returns. An even more basic problem is that it is not clear what is meant in terms of investor probability distributions when it is said that divergence of opinion increases or decreases. The answer to this problem has important implications for understanding equilibrium price.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1]Bart, John, and Masse, Isidore J.. “Divergence of Opinion and Risk.“ Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 16 (03 1981), pp. 2334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2]Black, Fischer; Jensen, Michael C.; and Scholes, Myron. “The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Some Empirical Tests.” In Studies in the Theory of Capital Markets, Jensen, Michael C., ed. NY: Praeger Publishers (1972), pp. 79124.Google Scholar
[3]Brown, Stewart L.Earnings Changes, Stock Prices and Market Efficiency.“ Journal of Finance, Vol. 33 (03 1978), pp. 1728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Brown, Stephen, and Warner, Jerold B.. “Measuring Security Price Performance. “Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 8 (09 1980), pp. 205258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5]Chou, Y.Statistical Analysis. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston (1975).Google Scholar
[6]Cragg, J. G., and Malkiel, Burton G.. “The Consensus and Accuracy of Some Predictions of the Growth of Corporate Earnings.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 23 (03 1968), pp. 6784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7]Fama, Eugene F., and MacBeth, James D.. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests. “Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 81 (0506 1973), pp. 607636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8]Gonedes, Nicholas J.; Dopuch, Nicholas; and Penman, Stephen H.. “Disclosure Rules, Information Productions, and Capital Market Equilibrium: The Case of Forecast Disclosure Rules. “Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 14 (Spring 1976), pp. 89137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9]Jarrow, Robert. “Heterogeneous Expectations, Restrictions on Short Sales, and Equilibrium Asset Prices. “Journal of Finance, Vol. 35 (12 1980), pp. 11051113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10]Jennings, R. H.; Starks, L. T.; and Fellingham, J. C.. “An Equilbrium Model of Asset Trading with Sequential Information Arrival. “Journal of Finance, Vol. 36 (03 1981), pp. 143162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11]Joy, C. M.; Litzenberger, R. H.; and McEnally, R. W.. “The Adjustment of Stock Prices to Announcements of Unanticipated Changes in Quarterly Earnings. “Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 15 (Autumn 1977), pp.207225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12]Latane, H. A., and Jones, C. P.. “Standardized Unexpected Earnings - 1971–77. “Journal of Finance, Vol. 34 (06 1979), pp. 717724.Google Scholar
[13]Malkiel, Burton G., and Cragg, John G.. “Expectations and the Structure of Share Prices. “American Economic Review, Vol. 60 (09 1970), pp. 601617.Google Scholar
[14]Miller, Edward M.Risk, Uncertainty, and Divergence of Opinion. “Journal of Finance, Vol. 32 (09 1977), pp. 11511168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15]Miller, Merton H., and Scholes, Myron. “Rates of Return in Relation to Risk: A Reexamination of Some Recent Findings. “In Studies in the Theory of Capital Markets, Jensen, Michael C., ed. NY: Praeger Publishers (1972), pp. 4778. 812Google Scholar
[16]Mossin, J.Theory of Financial Markets. NY: Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1973).Google Scholar
[17]Niederhoffer, Victor, and Patrick, Regan. “Earnings Changes, Analysts' Forecasts, and Stock Prices. “Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 28 (0506 1972), pp. 6571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18]Peterson, Pamela P., and Peterson, David R.. “Divergence of Opinion and Return. “Journal of Financial Research, Vol. 5 (Summer 1982), pp. 125134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19]Pulley, L. B.A General Mean-Variance Approximation to Expected Utility for Short Holding Periods. “Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 3 (09 1981), pp. 361374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20]Smith, R. G. E. “The Marginal Opinion Theory.” Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 23 (0912 1967), pp. 127132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]Warner, Jerold Br. “Bankruptcy, Absolute Priority, and the Pricing of Risky Debt Claims. “Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 4 (1977), pp. 239276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22]Watts, Ross L.Systematic Abnormal Returns after Quarterly Earnings Announcements. “Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 6 (0609 1978), pp. 127150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23]Williams, Joseph T.Capital Asset Prices with Heterogeneous Beliefs. “Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 5 (09 1977), PP. 219239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar