Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T07:47:00.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Investment and Cash Flow: New Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2016

Abstract

We study the investment–cash flow sensitivities of U.S. firms from 1971–2009. Our tests extend the literature in several key ways and provide strong evidence that cash flow explains investment beyond its correlation with q. A dollar of current- and prior-year cash flow is associated with $0.32 of additional investment for firms that are the least likely to be constrained and $0.63 of additional investment for firms that are the most likely to be constrained, even after correcting for measurement error in q. Our results suggest that financing constraints and free-cash-flow problems are important for investment decisions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida, H., and Campello, M.. “Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 14291460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almeida, H.; Campello, M.; and Galvao, A.. “Measurement Error in Investment Equations.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 32793328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M.; Stein, J.; and Wurgler, J.. “When Does the Market Matter? Stock Prices and the Investment of Equity-Dependent Firms.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (2003), 9691005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H., and Chen, S.. “Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity Cannot Be a Good Measure of Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Time Series.” Journal of Financial Economics, 103 (2012), 393410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleary, S.The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 673692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, R.; Polk, C.; and Vuolteenaho, T.. “The Price Is (Almost) Right.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 27392782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erickson, T., and Whited, T.. “Measurement Error and the Relationship between Investment and q .” Journal of Political Economy, 108 (2000), 10271057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erickson, T., and Whited, T.. “Treating Measurement Error in Tobin’s q .” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 12861329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Financing Decisions: Who Issues Stock?Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (2005), 549582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and MacBeth, J.. “Risk, Return and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1973), 607636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazzari, S.; Hubbard, R. G.; and Petersen, B.. “Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1988), 141195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, M., and Goyal, V.. “Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 217248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gatchev, V.; Pulvino, T.; and Tarhan, V.. “The Interdependent and Intertemporal Nature of Financial Decisions: An Application of Cash Flow Sensitivities.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 725763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, F.Tobin’s Marginal q and Average q: A Neoclassical Interpretation.” Econometrica, 50 (1982), 213224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, C.; Levy, A.; and Whited, T.. “Testing Q Theory with Financing Frictions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 83 (2007), 691717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, S., and Zingales, L.. “Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints?Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (1997), 169215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W., and West, K.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, M.Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 435480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauh, J.Investment and Financing Constraints: Evidence from the Funding of Corporate Pension Plans.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 3371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stambaugh, R.Predictive Regressions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 54 (1999), 375421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar