Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T07:25:25.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Short-Sale Constraints, Differences of Opinion, and Overvaluation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Rodney D. Boehme
Affiliation:
rodney.boehme@wichita.edu, Barton School of Business, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260
Bartley R. Danielsen
Affiliation:
bdaniels@depaul.edu, Kellstadt Graduate School of Business, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604
Sorin M. Sorescu
Affiliation:
ssorescu@mays.tamu.edu, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

Abstract

Miller (1977) hypothesizes that dispersion of investor opinion in the presence of short-sale constraints leads to stock price overvaluation. However, previous empirical tests of Miller's hypothesis examine the valuation effects of only one of these two necessary conditions. We examine the valuation effects of the interaction between differences of opinion and shortsale constraints. We find robust evidence of significant overvaluation for stocks that are subject to both conditions simultaneously. Stocks are not systematically overvalued when either one of these two conditions is not met.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackert, L. F., and Athanassakos, G.. “Prior Uncertainty, Analyst Bias, and Subsequent Abnormal Returns.” Journal of Financial Research, 20 (1997), 263273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asquith, P., and Meulbroek, L.. “An Empirical Investigation of Short Interest.” Working Paper, Harvard Business School (1995).Google Scholar
Boehme, R. D., and Sorescu, S. M.. “The Long-Run Stock Performance Following Dividend Initiations and Resumptions: Underreaction or Product of Chance?Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 871900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brent, A.; Morse, D.; and Stice, E. K.. “Short Interest: Explanations and Tests.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 25 (1990), 273289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., and Warner, J.. “Using Daily Stock Returns: The Case of Event Studies.” Journal of Financial Economics, 14 (1985), 331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carhart, M.On the Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 5782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.; Hong, H.; and Stein, J. C.. “Breadth of Ownership and Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 171205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, J., and Malkiel, B.. Expectations and the Structure of Share Prices. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danielsen, B. R., and Sorescu, S. M.. “Why Do Option Introductions Depress Stock Prices? A Study of Diminishing Short-Sale Constraints.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 36 (2001), 451484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Avolio, G.The Market for Borrowing Stock.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 271306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, H.; Ramesh, K.; Thiagarajan, S. R.; and Balachandran, B. V.. “An Investigation of the Informational Role of Short Interest in the Nasdaq Market.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 22632287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D. W., and Verrecchia, R. E.. “Constraints on Short-Selling and Asset Price Adjustment to Private Information.” Journal of Financial Economics, 18 (1987), 277312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diether, K. B.; Malloy, C. J.; and Scherbina, A.. “Differences of Opinion and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 21132141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffie, D.; Garleanu, N.; and Pedersen, L. H.. “Securities Lending, Shorting, and Pricing.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 307339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, R. B.; Geczy, C. C.; Musto, D. K.; and Reed, A. V.. “Failure is an Option: Impediments to Short-Selling and Option Prices.” Working Paper, Univ. of North Carolina (2003).Google Scholar
Fama, E.Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns and Behavioral Finance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 49 (1998), 283306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Common Risk Factors in Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Multifactor Explanations of Asset Pricing Anomalies.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 5584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and MacBeth, J.. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1973), 607636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figlewski, S.The Informational Effects of Restrictions on Short Sales: Some Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 16 (1981), 463476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figlewski, S., and Webb, G. P.. “Options, Short Sales, and Market Completeness.” Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 761777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebhardt, W. R.; Lee, C.; and Swaminathan, B.. “Toward an Implied Cost of Capital.” Journal of Accounting Research, 39 (2001), 135176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, M., and Raviv, A.. “Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 473506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, T. R.Constrained Short Selling and the Probability of Informed Trade.” Working Paper, Univ. of Washington (2004).Google Scholar
Hong, H.; Scheinkman, J.; and Xiong, W.. “Asset Float and Speculative Bubbles.” Working Paper, Princeton Univ. (2004).Google Scholar
Jarrow, R.Heterogeneous Expectations, Restrictions on Short Sales, and Equilibrium Asset Prices.” Journal of Finance, 35 (1980), 11051113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C. M., and Lamont, O. A.. “Short Sale Constraints and Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 207239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C. M.; Kaul, G.; and Lipson, M. L.. “Transactions, Volume, and Volatility.” Review of Financial Studies, 7 (1994), 631651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, E. M.Risk, Uncertainty, and Divergence of Opinion.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 11511168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, M., and Stafford, E.. “Managerial Decisions and Long-Term Stock Price Performance.” Journal of Business, 73 (2000), 287329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shalen, C. T.Volume, Volatility, and the Dispersion of Beliefs.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 405434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorescu, S.The Effect of Options on Stock Prices: 1973–1995.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 487514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, I.Herding among Security Analysts.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (2000), 369396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolridge, J. R., and Dickinson, A.. “Short Selling and Common Stock Prices.” Financial Analysts Journal (1994) 2028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar