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Direct numerical simulation of roughness-induced transition controlled by two-dimensional wall blowing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2021

Yuhan Lu Open the ORCID record for Yuhan Lu [Opens in a new window] ,
Fanzhi Zeng Open the ORCID record for Fanzhi Zeng [Opens in a new window] ,
Hongkang Liu ,
Zaijie Liu Open the ORCID record for Zaijie Liu [Opens in a new window]  and
Chao Yan Open the ORCID record for Chao Yan [Opens in a new window]
Yuhan Lu
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
Fanzhi Zeng
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
Hongkang Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track, Ministry of Education, School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410075, PR China
Zaijie Liu
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
Chao Yan*
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: yanchao@buaa.edu.cn
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Abstract

Discrete roughness-induced transition in Mach $2.25$ flow controlled by two-dimensional wall blowing is studied using direct numerical simulation. Spectral analysis and flow freezing operations reveal that the main source of unsteadiness in the case without blowing is the separated shear layer/counter-rotating vortex system: the shear layer is bent by the vortex pair, and this interaction induces disturbance growth at the shear layer. With the existence of weak wall blowing, the transition is delayed. Flow visualization demonstrates that upstream-positioned blowing achieves this by lifting the inflow boundary layer and decreasing the roughness Reynolds number. In contrast, downstream-positioned blowing takes effect by weakening the counter-rotating vortex pair and inhibiting the interaction. Vorticity transportation analysis suggests that this result is accomplished by increasing dissipation for streamwise vorticity and converting some of it into spanwise vorticity. In cases with strong wall blowing, the control effect is reversed, as wall blowing with enough strength can induce unsteadiness and promote transition. In upstream-positioned strong blowing cases, a new unstable mode is observed in spectral results throughout the near-roughness region, and further analysis indicates that this mode originating from the separation zone upstream of the blowing is the key factor for transition. With regard to downstream-positioned strong blowing cases, a very low-frequency mode is generated from the separation bubble between the roughness element and the blowing, but it only provides an initial disturbance for the transition process. The transition that occurs downstream is due to the distortion of the boundary layer in the wake.

JFM classification

Instability: Transition to turbulence Flow Control: Instability control Compressible Flows: Compressible boundary layers
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 920 , 10 August 2021 , A28
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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