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Sedimentation of a dilute suspension of rigid spheres at intermediate Galileo numbers: the effect of clustering upon the particle motion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2014

Markus Uhlmann  and
Todor Doychev
Markus Uhlmann*
Affiliation:
Institute for Hydromechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Todor Doychev
Affiliation:
Institute for Hydromechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
*
†Email address for correspondence: markus.uhlmann@kit.edu
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Abstract

Direct numerical simulation of the gravity-induced settling of finite-size particles in triply periodic domains has been performed under dilute conditions. For a single solid-to-fluid-density ratio of 1.5 we have considered two values of the Galileo number corresponding to steady vertical motion ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ga}=121$) and to steady oblique motion ($\mathit{Ga}=178$) in the case of one isolated sphere. For the multiparticle system we observe strong particle clustering only in the latter case. The geometry and time scales related to clustering are determined from Voronoï tessellation and particle-conditioned averaging. As a consequence of clustering, the average particle settling velocity is increased by 12 % as compared with the value of an isolated sphere; such a collective effect is not observed in the non-clustering case. By defining a local (instantaneous) fluid velocity average in the vicinity of the finite-size particles it is shown that the observed enhancement of the settling velocity is due to the fact that the downward fluid motion (with respect to the global average) which is induced in the cluster regions is preferentially sampled by the particles. It is further observed that the variance of the particle velocity is strongly enhanced in the clustering case. With the aid of a decomposition of the particle velocity it is shown that this increase is due to enhanced fluid velocity fluctuations (due to clustering) in the vicinity of the particles. Finally, we discuss a possible explanation for the observation of a critical Galileo number marking the onset of clustering under dilute conditions.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Complex Fluids: Suspensions
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 752 , 10 August 2014 , pp. 310 - 348
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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