Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:33:21.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An experimental study of the effects of wall conductivity, non-uniform magnetic fields and variable area ducts on liquid metal flows at high Hartmann number. Part 2. Ducts with conducting walls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2006

Richard J. Holroyd
Richard J. Holroyd
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge
Present address: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Results from experiments with four different ducts are reported when magnitudes of the field strength and mean velocity are such that the Hartmann number and interaction parameter are large. The first is a straight, circular, highly conducting wall duct situated in a non-uniform transverse magnetic field. Results suggest that as a first approximation the flow may be regarded as being fully developed throughout. In fact there is a slight distortion of the flow in the non-uniform field region revealed by hot-film probe measurements of the streamwise velocity which varies in a novel but readily explicable manner. The second duct is similar except that its wall is weakly conducting. A pressure drop across the non-uniform field region suggests that the behaviour of the flow is weakly reminiscent of that in a non-conducting duct. The two other ducts also have weakly conducting walls but contain either one or two 90° bends and are situated in a uniform field. Symmetry of each duct about its mid-point leads to symmetric potential distributions which indicate the existence of two symmetrically arranged recirculating current flows and these lead to pressure drops across the bends. In the duct with two bends, part of it, the offset, lies parallel to the field lines and a surprising prediction relating the pressure drop across the offset to N finds some support.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 96 , Issue 2 , 29 January 1980 , pp. 355 - 374
Copyright
© 1980 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baylis, J. A. & Hunt, J. C. R. 1971 MHD flow in an annular channel; theory and experiment. J. Fluid Mech. 48, 423.Google Scholar
Bocheninski, V. P., Tananaev, A. V. & Yakovlev, V. V. 1977 An experimental study of the flow of an electrically conducting liquid along curved tubes of circular cross-section in strong magnetic fields. Magnitnaya Gidrodinamika 14 (4), 61.Google Scholar
Branover, G. G., Gel'fgat, Yu. M., Tsinober, A. B., Shtern, A. B. & Shcherbinin, E. V. 1966 On the application of Pitot and Prandtl tubes in MHD experiments. Magnitnaya Gidrodinamika 2 (1), 98.Google Scholar
Carlson, G. A. 1974 MHD pressure drop of lithium flowing in conducting wall pipe in a transverse magnetic field — theory and experiment. Rep. UCRL-75307, Lawrence Livermore Lab., University of California.Google Scholar
Chang, C.-C. & Lundgren, T. S. 1961 Duct flow in MHD. Z. angew. Math. Phys. 12, 100.Google Scholar
Glaberson, W. I., Donnelly, R. J. & Roberts, P. H. 1968 Hydromagnetic duct flow: theory and experiment. Phys. Fluids 11, 2192.Google Scholar
Hancox, R. & Booth, J. A. 1971 The use of liquid lithium as coolant in a toroidal fusion reactor. Part II-stress limitations. UKAEA Res. Group Rep. CLM—R116, Culham Lab.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. 1958 Constitution of Binary Alloys, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill.
Hoffman, M. A. & Carlson, G. A. 1971 Magnetic field effects in fusion reactor blankets. Proc. 1971 Intersoc. Energy Conversion Engng Conf., Boston.
Holroyd, R. J. 1976 MHD duct flows in non-uniform magnetic fields. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge.
Holroyd, R. J. 1979 An experimental study of the effects of wall conductivity, non-uniform magnetic fields and variable-area ducts on liquid metal flows at high Hartmann number. Part 1. Ducts with non-conducting walls. J. Fluid Mech. 93, 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holroyd, R. J. 1980 Hot-film probe velocity measurements in liquid metal MHD duct flow experiments. DISA Information, no. 25.Google Scholar
Holroyd, R. J. & Walker, J. S. 1978 A theoretical study of the effects of wall conductivity, non-uniform magnetic fields and variable-area ducts on liquid metal flows at high Hartmann number. J. Fluid Mech. 84, 471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, J. C. R. & Holroyd, R. J. 1977 Applications of laboratory and theoretical MHD duct flow studies in fusion reactor technology. UKAEA Res. Group Rep. CLM-R169, Culham Lab.Google Scholar
Hunt, J. C. R. & Ludford, G. S. S. 1968 Three-dimensional MHD duct flows with strong transverse magnetic fields. Part 1. Obstacles in a constant area duct. J. Fluid Mech. 33, 693.Google Scholar
Ihara, S., Tajima, K. & Matsushima, A. 1967 The flow of conducting fluids in circular pipes with finite conductivity under uniform transverse magnetic fields. J. Appl. Mech. 34, 29.Google Scholar
Kulikovskii, A. G. 1968 On slow steady flows of conductive fluid with high Hartmann number. Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. Mekh. Zhid. i Gaza 3 (2), 3.Google Scholar
Ludford, G. S. S. & Walker, J. S. 1980 Current status of MHD duct flow. Proc. 2nd Bat-Sheva Seminar on MHD and Turbulence.
Malcolm, D. G. 1969 Investigation of a steady MHD shear layer using hot film anemometry. Nature 224, 909.Google Scholar
Walker, J. S. & Ludford, G. S. S. 1974 MHD flow in conducting circular expansions with strong transverse magnetic field. Int. J. Engng Sci. 12, 193.Google Scholar