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Bifurcation structure of two-dimensional viscous zonal flows on a rotating sphere

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2015

Eiichi Sasaki ,
Shin-ichi Takehiro  and
Michio Yamada
Eiichi Sasaki
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Shin-ichi Takehiro
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Michio Yamada
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract

We study the bifurcation structure of zonal flows on a rotating sphere. The setting of our problem is similar to the Kolmogorov problem on a flat torus, where the vorticity forcing is given by a single eigenfunction of the Laplacian. First we prove the global stability of two-jet zonal flow for arbitrary Reynolds number and the rotation rate of the sphere. Then we study the bifurcation structure of steady solutions arising from three-jet zonal flow. In the non-rotating case, we find that two steady travelling-wave solutions bifurcate from a three-jet zonal flow via Hopf bifurcation. As the Reynolds number increases, steady-travelling solutions arise via pitchfork bifurcation from the steady-travelling solutions. On the other hand, in the rotating case, we find saddle-node bifurcations and closed-loop branches. We carry out time integration to study the properties of unsteady solutions at high Reynolds numbers. In the non-rotating case, the unsteady solution is chaotic and it wanders around the steady-travelling solutions bifurcating from three-jet zonal flow. We show that a linear combination of the steady and steady-travelling solutions gives a good approximation of the zonal-mean zonal flow of the unsteady solution, suggesting that the chaotic solution at high Reynolds numbers exists mostly within a relatively low-dimensional space spanned by the steady and steady-travelling solutions, which become unstable at low Reynolds numbers.

JFM classification

Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Bifurcation Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Chaos Geophysical and Geological Flows: Rotating flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 774 , 10 July 2015 , pp. 224 - 244
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Copyright
© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

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