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Descent and spread of negatively buoyant thermals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2015

G. G. Rooney
G. G. Rooney*
Affiliation:
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: gabriel.rooney@metoffice.gov.uk
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Abstract

Results are presented from a numerical and analytical study of negatively buoyant thermals. The numerical study consists of large-eddy simulations of thermal descent and spread. The thermals are initiated by a spherical perturbation in the homogeneous background potential temperature. Simulations covering various release heights, thermal radii and thermal buoyancies are carried out. The analysis involves matching similarity models of a thermal and an axisymmetric gravity current, hence describing the flow evolution in terms of the initial conditions and flow coefficients only. The simulations demonstrate that the flow transition through the impingement region is relatively smooth, the main flow adjustment being in the initial post-release phase of the thermal. Comparison of the simulations and the model enables determination of the coefficients, and validation of the similarity approach to predict the radial speed, reduced gravity and depth of the spreading flow on the ground. The predictions of reduced gravity and depth also depend on quantification of the increase in gravity-current volume due to entrainment, which is obtained from the simulations.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Atmospheric flows Geophysical and Geological Flows: Gravity currents Convection: Plumes/thermals
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 780 , 10 October 2015 , pp. 457 - 479
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Copyright
© Crown Copyright. Published by Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L03

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Video 5.6 MB

Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L03

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Video 6.9 MB

Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L08

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Video 4.4 MB

Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L08

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Video 5.7 MB

Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L13

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Video 1.5 MB

Rooney supplementary movie

A vertical section through the simulation domain for experiment L13

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Video 2.8 MB