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The eruptive regime of mass-transfer-driven Rayleigh–Marangoni convection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2016

Thomas Köllner ,
Karin Schwarzenberger ,
Kerstin Eckert  and
Thomas Boeck
Thomas Köllner*
Affiliation:
Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, P.O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
Karin Schwarzenberger
Affiliation:
Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
Kerstin Eckert
Affiliation:
Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
Thomas Boeck
Affiliation:
Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, P.O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
*
†Email address for correspondence: thomas.koellner@tu-ilmenau.de
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Abstract

The transfer of an alcohol, 2-propanol, from an aqueous to an organic phase causes convection due to density differences (Rayleigh convection) and interfacial tension gradients (Marangoni convection). The coupling of the two types of convection leads to short-lived flow structures called eruptions, which were reported in several previous experimental studies. To unravel the mechanism underlying these patterns, three-dimensional direct numerical simulations and corresponding validation experiments were carried out and compared with each other. In the simulations, the Navier–Stokes–Boussinesq equations were solved with a plane interface that couples the two layers including solutal Marangoni effects. Our simulations show excellent agreement with the experimentally observed patterns. On this basis, the origin of the eruptions is explained by a two-step process in which Rayleigh convection continuously produces a concentration distribution that triggers an opposing Marangoni flow.

JFM classification

Convection: Buoyancy-driven instability Convection: Marangoni convection Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Pattern formation
Type
Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 791 , 25 March 2016 , R4
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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Köllner et al. supplementary movie

Experimental (left) and numerical (right) shadowgraph images in a domain of 15 mm x 15 mm corresponding to figure 4. The experimental time is indicated in the movie. The numerical images are assigned to the experiments by adding an offset time of 73 s as described in the text.

Download Köllner et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 18.8 MB

Köllner et al. supplementary movie

Isosurface of 2-propanol concentration with c(1)=0.97 (orange) in the lower, aqueous phase and c(2)=0.2 (blue) in the upper, organic phase. The phases have a height of 20 mm and a horizontal area of 15 mm x 15 mm. Time is given in viscous units, i.e. in 333.3 s. The video corresponds to figure 4.

Download Köllner et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 20 MB