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Frontal instabilities and waves in a differentially rotating fluid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2011

J.-B. Flór ,
H. Scolan  and
J. Gula
J.-B. Flór*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS and Université de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
H. Scolan
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS and Université de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
J. Gula
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Metéorologie Dynamique, rue Lhomond 75005, Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: flor@hmg.inpg.fr
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Abstract

We present an experimental investigation of the stability of a baroclinic front in a rotating two-layer salt-stratified fluid. A front is generated by the spin-up of a differentially rotating lid at the fluid surface. In the parameter space set by rotational Froude number, , dissipation number, (i.e. the ratio between disk rotation time and Ekman spin-down time) and flow Rossby number, a new instability is observed that occurs for Burger numbers larger than the critical Burger number for baroclinic instability. This instability has a much smaller wavelength than the baroclinic instability, and saturates at a relatively small amplitude. The experimental results for the instability regime and the phase speed show overall a reasonable agreement with the numerical results of Gula, Zeitlin & Plougonven (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 638, 2009, pp. 27–47), suggesting that this instability is the Rossby–Kelvin instability that is due to the resonance between Rossby and Kelvin waves. Comparison with the results of Williams, Haines & Read (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 528, 2005, pp. 1–22) and Hart (Geophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 3, 1972, pp. 181–209) for immiscible fluid layers in a small experimental configuration shows continuity in stability regimes in space, but the baroclinic instability occurs at a higher Burger number than predicted according to linear theory. Small-scale perturbations are observed in almost all regimes, either locally or globally. Their non-zero phase speed with respect to the mean flow, cusped-shaped appearance in the density field and the high values of the Richardson number for the observed wavelengths suggest that these perturbations are in many cases due to Hölmböe instability.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Baroclinic flows Geophysical and Geological Flows: Quasi-geostrophic flows Geophysical and Geological Flows: Waves in rotating fluids
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 685 , 25 October 2011 , pp. 532 - 542
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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Footnotes

‡

Present address: University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, Canada

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