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Grain-resolving simulations of submerged cohesive granular collapse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2022

Rui Zhu ,
Zhiguo He Open the ORCID record for Zhiguo He [Opens in a new window] ,
Kunpeng Zhao ,
Bernhard Vowinckel Open the ORCID record for Bernhard Vowinckel [Opens in a new window]  and
Eckart Meiburg Open the ORCID record for Eckart Meiburg [Opens in a new window]
Rui Zhu
Affiliation:
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Zhiguo He*
Affiliation:
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
Kunpeng Zhao
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
Bernhard Vowinckel
Affiliation:
Leichtweiß-Institut for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Eckart Meiburg*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: hezhiguo@zju.edu.cn, meiburg@engineering.ucsb.edu
†Email addresses for correspondence: hezhiguo@zju.edu.cn, meiburg@engineering.ucsb.edu
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Abstract

We investigate the submerged collapse of weakly polydisperse, loosely packed cohesive granular columns, as a function of aspect ratio and cohesive force strength, via grain-resolving direct numerical simulations. The cohesive forces act to prevent the detachment of individual particles from the main body of the collapsing column, reduce its front velocity, and yield a shorter and thicker final deposit. All of these effects can be captured accurately across a broad range of parameters by piecewise power-law relationships. The cohesive forces reduce significantly the amount of available potential energy released by the particles. For shallow columns, the particle and fluid kinetic energy decreases for stronger cohesion. For tall columns, on the other hand, moderate cohesive forces increase the maximum particle kinetic energy, since they accelerate the initial free-fall of the upper column section. Only for larger cohesive forces does the peak kinetic energy of the particles decrease. Computational particle tracking indicates that the cohesive forces reduce the mixing of particles within the collapsing column, and it identifies the regions of origin of those particles that travel the farthest. The simulations demonstrate that cohesion promotes aggregation and the formation of aggregates. Furthermore, they provide complete information on the temporally and spatially evolving network of cohesive and direct contact force bonds. While the normal contact forces are aligned primarily in the vertical direction, the cohesive bonds adjust their preferred spatial orientation throughout the collapse. They result in a net macroscopic stress that counteracts deformation and slows the spreading of the advancing particle front.

JFM classification

Complex Fluids: Suspensions Granular media: Cohesive sediments
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 942 , 10 July 2022 , A49
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 1

The internal structure for Co=0 and a=1

Download Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 1(Video)
Video 14.9 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 2

The internal structure for Co=20 and a=1

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Video 10 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 3

The internal structure for Co=0 and a=8.6

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Video 14.3 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 4

The internal structure for Co=50 and a=8.6

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Video 7.8 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 5

The evolution of four particle clusters for Co=0 and a=1

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Video 7.5 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 6

The evolution of four particle clusters for Co=10 and a=1

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Video 5.5 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 7

The evolution of initial cohesive bonds for Co=10 and a=1

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Video 9.5 MB

Zhu et al. Supplementary Movie 8

The evolution of initial cohesive bonds for Co=25 and a=8.6

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Video 6.4 MB