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Interfacial wave coupling in an orbitally rotating cylinder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2025

Yi-Fei Huang ,
Ze Lyu ,
Juan-Cheng Yang Open the ORCID record for Juan-Cheng Yang [Opens in a new window]  and
Ming-Jiu Ni Open the ORCID record for Ming-Jiu Ni [Opens in a new window]
Yi-Fei Huang
Affiliation:
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
Ze Lyu
Affiliation:
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
Juan-Cheng Yang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
Ming-Jiu Ni*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
*
Corresponding authors: Juan-Cheng Yang, yangjc@xjtu.edu.cn; Ming-Jiu Ni, mjni@ucas.ac.cn
Corresponding authors: Juan-Cheng Yang, yangjc@xjtu.edu.cn; Ming-Jiu Ni, mjni@ucas.ac.cn
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Abstract

This study explores interfacial waves in a three-layer fluid system, focusing on the coupling effects between the two interfaces. These effects include resonance induced by inertial coupling and damping caused by viscous coupling. A linear theoretical framework is developed to describe the coupled wave motion and evaluate the impact of interfacial coupling under viscous damping. Additionally, a semi-analytical model is introduced to accurately capture resonance frequency shifts and phase differences due to viscosity. The spiral structure of interfacial waves predicted by the models is confirmed experimentally using the background oriented Schlieren (BOS) method. Further, the model is validated by excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and ultrasonic measurements of wave amplitudes and phase differences. Finally, the study examines mechanical coupling and energy transfer between interfaces under external forcing, elucidating the formation of spiral waves. The accurate treatment of viscous boundary conditions by the semi-analytical model also enables its extension to multilayer fluid systems.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Wave-structure interactions Waves/Free-surface Flows: Surface gravity waves

Information

Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1019 , 25 September 2025 , A20
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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