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Microfluidic propulsion by the metachronal beating of magnetic artificial cilia: a numerical analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2011

S. N. Khaderi ,
J. M. J. den Toonder  and
P. R. Onck
S. N. Khaderi
Affiliation:
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
J. M. J. den Toonder
Affiliation:
Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
P. R. Onck*
Affiliation:
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
*
†Email address for correspondence: p.r.onck@rug.nl
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Abstract

In this work we study the effect of metachronal waves on the flow created by magnetically driven plate-like artificial cilia in microchannels using numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using a coupled magneto-mechanical solid–fluid computational model that captures the physical interactions between the fluid flow, ciliary deformation and applied magnetic field. When a rotating magnetic field is applied to super-paramagnetic artificial cilia, they mimic the asymmetric motion of natural cilia, consisting of an effective and recovery stroke. When a phase difference is prescribed between neighbouring cilia, metachronal waves develop. Due to the discrete nature of the cilia, the metachronal waves change direction when the phase difference becomes sufficiently large, resulting in antiplectic as well as symplectic metachrony. We show that the fluid flow created by the artificial cilia is significantly enhanced in the presence of metachronal waves and that the fluid flow becomes unidirectional. Antiplectic metachrony is observed to lead to a considerable enhancement in flow compared to symplectic metachrony, when the cilia spacing is small. Obstruction of flow in the direction of the effective stroke for the case of symplectic metachrony was found to be the key mechanism that governs this effect.

JFM classification

Low-Reynolds-number flows: Low-Reynolds-number flows Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics Biological Fluid Dynamics: Propulsion
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 688 , 10 December 2011 , pp. 44 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for anti-phase motion of cilia

Download Khaderi et al. supplementary movies(Video)
Video 6.9 MB

Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for anti-phase motion of cilia

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Video 6 MB

Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for symplectic metachronal motion of cilia

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Video 9.2 MB

Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for symplectic metachronal motion of cilia

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Video 4.1 MB

Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for antiplectic metachronal motion of cilia

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Video 7.6 MB

Khaderi et al. supplementary movies

Motion of fluid particles for antiplectic metachronal motion of cilia

Download Khaderi et al. supplementary movies(Video)
Video 6.6 MB