Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:37:18.084Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On the evolution of the system of wind drift currents and Langmuir circulations in the ocean. Part 2. Structure of the Langmuir vortices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2006

S. Leibovich
Affiliation:
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
K. Radhakrishnan
Affiliation:
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Abstract

Numerical solutions are presented for the detailed characteristics of the drift current and Langmuir circulation system produced according to a theory described in part 1 of this paper. The motions that develop are traced from an initially quiescent state, and the results are compared with field observations of currents in Langmuir circulations. Qualitative features of the phenomenon appear to be reproduced by the theory and, with the appropriate choice of an empirical parameter, the solutions seem to be quantitatively consistent with field data.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 1977 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Assaf, G., Gerard, R. & Gordon, A. L. 1971 Some mechanisms of oceanic mixing revealed in aerial photographs. J. Geophys. Res. 76, 65506572.Google Scholar
Craik, A. D. D. 1970 A wave-interaction model for the generation of windrows. J. Fluid Mech. 41, 801821.Google Scholar
Craik, A. D. D. 1977 The generation of Langmuir circulations by an instability mechanism. J. Fluid. Mech. (in Press).
Craik, A. D. D. & Leibovich, S. 1976 A rational model for Langmuir circulations. J. Fluid Mech. 73, 401426.Google Scholar
Ekman, V. G. 1905 On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean-currents. Ark. Mat. Astr. Fys. 2 (11), 152.Google Scholar
Gammelsrød, T. 1975 Instability of Couette flow in a rotating fluid and origin of Langmuir circulations. J. Geophys. Res. 80, 50695076.Google Scholar
Garrett, C. J. R. 1976 Generation of Langmuir circulations by surface waves - a feedback mechanism. J. Mar. Res. 34, 117130.Google Scholar
Gordon, A. L. 1970 Vertical momentum flux accomplished by Langmuir circulation. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 41774179.Google Scholar
Kinsman, B. 1965 Wind Waves. Prentice-Hall.
Langmuir, I. 1938 Surface motion of water induced by wind. Science, 87, 119123.Google Scholar
Leibovich, S. 1976 On the evolution of the system of wind drift currents and Langmuir circulations in the ocean. Part 1. Theory and the averaged current. J. Fluid Mech. 79, 715743.Google Scholar
Leibovich, S. & Ulrich, D. 1972 A note on the growth of small scale Langmuir circulations. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 16831688.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1953 Mass transport in water waves. Phil. Trans. A, 245, 535–581.
Myer, G. E. 1971 Structure and mechanism of Langmuir circulations on a small inland lake. Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Albany.
Phillips, O. M. 1966 Dynamics of the Upper Ocean. Cambridge University Press.
Pollard, R. T. 1976 Observations and theories of Langmuir circulations and their role in near-surface mixing. Submitted to Deep Sea-Res.Google Scholar
Roache, P. J. 1972 Computational Fluid Dynamics. Alburquerque, N.M.: Hermosa Publishers.
Scott, J. T., Myer, G. E., Stewart, R. & Walther, E. G. 1969 On the mechanism of Langmuir circulations and their role in epilimnion mixing. Limnol. Oceanog. 14, 493503.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. W. 1967 Mechanics of the air-sea interface. Phys. Fluids Suppl. 10, S 4755.Google Scholar